回家種田：當代農家子弟的回農與繼承過程分析

Abstract

本研究藉由當代農家子弟的務農之行，探討當代台灣農家的繼承與意義。下一代是家庭農業延續的關鍵，了解家庭農業如何傳承有其必要性。本文的研究旨趣為透過農家子弟的生命歷程與務農經驗，深入討論農家之「繼承過程」，藉以了解農家運作、價值與認同。本研究採用質性的深度訪談作為研究方法，總共訪談了12位農家子弟。本研究具體研究焦點如下：（1）探討何以農家子弟從「可能的繼承者」轉變為「未來的繼承者」之關鍵因素。（2）討論台灣家庭農業的繼承如何發生與進行。（3）藉由農家兩代的視野差異，探討此世代農業意義的變遷。 研究結果部分，本研究發現促使農家子弟回農的關鍵因素為當代惡劣的勞動環境，而支持他們待在農業的則為務農實作後產生的農業認同。第二，本研究指出台灣的農家繼承為「不完全的農業繼承」，在家族主義的體制底下，農家子弟並無法獲得家中農產完全的管理權利。最後，本研究透過代間的摩擦與農業施作差異，指出過去以生產主義為尊的生產方式已有所不同，農業生產主義正面臨轉型。

This study explores the succession of contemporary Taiwanese farm household and its significance through the farming practices of farmers’ children. The following generation is the core to perpetuate family farming; therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of succession. This research discusses how the family farming operates, its values and identities through examining the life courses and farming experiences of the farmers’ children. The study examines 12 cases based on semi-structured depth interviews as the materials for discussion. The research specifically focuses on (1) the key factors of the farmers’ children’s transform from “possible successors” to “future successors”, (2) how the succession of family farming in Taiwan occurs and proceeds, and (3) exploring how the two generations hold different views, in order to realize the transition of agriculture in the contemporary era. The result suggests that the key factor that the farmers’ children return farming is due to the hazardous working environment nowadays, and the motivation to support their devotion in farming is because of the identity framed through farming practices. Secondly, the study indicates that the succession of family farming in Taiwan is “incomplete”. The reason that farmers’ children cannot control thorough management results from the regime of familism in the Chinese culture. Finally, the study demonstrates that productionism is confronting challenges nowadays through the disputes on framing practices of the two generations. Agricultural productionism is in face of transition towards other different values.