參與式預算下公民參與：以臺北市新移民為例

Abstract

當代議政治逐漸無法滿足多元政治文化者時，公民參與、直接做主的需求聲量便越發龐大，而民主意識的擴張有賴公民的大量參與，「參與式民主」的概念益發受到重視，其中審議民主、公民會議、參與式預算等正是此波潮流下的產物，更是被多數政府用來推廣「開放政府、全民參與」民主理念。 本研究採質化分析以臺北市新移民參與式預算研究案例，探討身處雙重困境（臺灣民主困境及公民參與困境）的新移民如何進行參與式預算，是否能在操作過程中全面落實公民參與的真諦與精神；以及檢驗參與式預算是否能真正落實開放政府、弱勢參與之精神；最後期待臺灣社會能因參與式預算而成為審議民主的典範。 本文關心在參與過程中政府與新移民的互動關係，因此透過協力治理理論含括跨領域合作、參與和共識等長處，用以檢視運作過程；同時採用行動者網絡理論擅長分析人與非人之間的網絡關係與轉譯的優點，來探討網絡關係及連結。 結論：審議民主乃修正民主模式理論之一，審議民主在參與條件上設有較為嚴格的條件因此推廣及參與不易，但是其理性說理及公民自主的優點值得採用；參與式預算吸收審議民主的優點並且從培力開始試圖改善參與限制問題，加之提案內容具體化、完成執行容易讓人民有感，因此本論文認為參與式預算確實是值得各級政府用以落實公民參與的模式。

As contemporary politics is gradually unable to accommodate diverse political cultures; citizen participation is increased in demand and participatory democracy is valued. These developments had led to the rise of deliberative democracy, consensus conference, and participatory budgeting in Taiwan. Open governments and citizen participation are used to promote the idea of democracy by many governments. The present study conducts a qualitative analysis of the participation of new immigrants in participatory budgeting in Taipei City. The research focuses on those new immigrants in the double tight spots (democracy dilemma in Taiwan and citizen participation dilemma), and investigates how they participate in the participatory budgeting of the Taipei city government. It further explores how participatory budgeting promotes open government and enhances participation of the marginalized groups. The research goal is to understand how Taiwan learns to become a deliberative democracy model by dint of participatory budgeting. The case study looks into the interaction between government and new immigrants in the process of participation. Using collaborative governance theory including cross-domain cooperation, participation and consensus, the present study examines the operation processes while analyzing the actor-networks among the individuals and organizations through the perspective of the actor-network theory. Major findings are that, although the deliberative democracy is conducive to democracy, it may not be easy to empower citizen participation because of the very conditions under which the participation can take place. Despite this restriction, however, participatory budgeting can enlarge the advantage deliberative democracy delivers, and by this it can make improvement on participation. Furthermore, this new method of citizen participation can enhance the sense of participation. As such, participatory budgeting has a long way to go, but is definitely worth continued efforts to foster citizen participation.