請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71294
標題: | 乾乳前修蹄對泌乳牛表現之影響 Effect of Claw Trimming Before Dry Period on Performance in Dairy Cows |
作者: | Yi-Hsuan Lin 林怡瑄 |
指導教授: | 徐濟泰 |
關鍵字: | 跛足,修蹄,泌乳牛,產乳表現,繁殖表現,淘汰, Lameness,Claw trimming,Dairy cows,Milk performance,Reproductive performance,Culling, |
出版年 : | 2018 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 跛足是現今乳牛產業中造成牛隻淘汰的主要原因之一,會造成生產表現上諸多負面影響,並勢必提高飼養成本以及減少牧場收益。跛足超過90%是源自於蹄病,因此蹄病的預防為飼養管理中重要的課題。修蹄是目前能夠最直接治療以及預防蹄病的方法,修蹄可以清除受傷的組織並且修整變形的蹄回到正確形狀,因此牧場應規劃讓牛群定期修蹄以檢查蹄部狀況並校正蹄形,也讓蹄部病變的牛隻有機會及早被治療。而受傷組織清除後,應力求降低傷口壓迫以及避免沾附髒污。
本研究分為兩個部分,於彰化一間商業乳牛場進行。第一部分為探討使用腳墊對於治療性修蹄的效果。修蹄治療時使用腳墊黏貼於健康蹄趾,以避免傷口受到壓迫與感染,在國外已被廣泛使用,但在台灣仍屬剛引進的做法。本研究蒐集牧場使用腳墊調整修蹄治療方法後四個月間的治療紀錄,分成使用腳墊,以及使用繃帶包紮兩種處理方式,並額外選擇泌乳天數與修蹄治療牛隻相近的健康牛,做為對照組。結果顯示兩種處理方法在治療前後一個月之產乳量以及活動量上的變化並沒有顯著差異。 第二部分為探討乾乳前修蹄對泌乳牛產後表現之影響,該場平時僅將觀察到跛足的牛隻進行修蹄治療,並無定期修蹄的習慣。本研究將即將進入乾乳期的牛隻(分娩前兩到三個月),依據距當下時間點回推半年內曾被診斷出蹄病並治療,以及半年內無蹄病治療紀錄分為兩組,此兩組再逢機擇半,於距預產期66.6±5.7天之前做修蹄,另一半則是沒有任何處理,做為對照組。結果顯示,在下一個泌乳期第二月,於乾乳前修蹄的組別有較高的乳蛋白率,但在產乳量以及其他乳成分(乳脂率、體細胞數與乳尿素氮)方面,泌乳期的前三個月內皆沒有顯著影響。活動量以及躺臥行為(躺臥次數、每次躺臥時間與總躺臥時間),乾乳前修蹄也沒有明顯正面效果。但在繁殖表現方面,分娩至第一次授精間距、受孕所需授精次數以及空胎期,乾乳前修蹄的組別皆優於對照組,但其差異沒有達到統計上的顯著。而在下個泌乳期前半段時期的乳房炎、子宮炎與繁殖障礙等疾病治療次數,各組間沒有顯著差異;乾乳前修蹄的組別蹄病治療的次數略低於對照組,但無統計差異。在淘汰率方面,乾乳前修蹄的組別較對照組降低9%。 總結來說,在乾乳前修蹄雖然對產乳表現、活動量以及躺臥行為沒有明顯幫助,但有提升繁殖表現,減少人工授精成本的潛力,且有助降低下個泌乳前期的淘汰比例。台灣酪農普遍缺乏定期修蹄的觀念,由於會增加當下的修蹄的成本以及工時,且無立即明顯的效果,因此目前接受度尚不高,尚須未來相關研究繼續探討,並找出適合台灣的蹄部健康管理模式。 Lameness is one of the main causes of culling in dairy industry, which cause negative effect on productive performance, and increase the loss of farm. Claw disorders are responsible for over 90% of lameness, as a consequence, prevention of claw disorders is an important issue of cow management. Claw trimming is a common way to treat and prevent claw disorders, because it can directly treat claw lesion and correct claw shape. Therefore, dairy farm should provide routine claw trimming to ensure ideal claw shape, and let the cows that already affected by claw disorders to be cured in early stage. After treating the lesion, claw trimmers should relieve weight off painful claw and reduce the risk of slurry and dirt contamination. There were two part of this study, and the study was carried out in a commercial dairy farm in Changhua. The first part was to investigate the effect of using block in therapeutic claw trimming. The application of a block to the sound claw, to relieve weight bearing of injured claws and prevent contamination, is a common practice around the world, but a new practice in Taiwan. Cows were divided into two treatments groups: using block or bandage after claw trimming. For the control group, the healthy cows with milking stage similar to two treatment groups were selected. The results showed that two treatments were not statistically different in milk yield and activity within a month after therapeutic claw trimming. The second part of study was to investigate the effect of claw trimming before dry period on performance of dairy cows in the following lactation period. The dairy farm only trimmed lameness cows, did not practice routine claw trimming on regular basis. Cows that were about to enter the dry period (2 to 3 months before calving) were divided into four groups: no claw problems within past six months, trimmed or not trimmed before the dry period (Trim and Control), and treated for lameness within past six months, trimmed or not trimmed before the dry period (Trim/Claw-treated and Control/Claw-treated). Trim and Trim/Claw-treated group were trimmed 66.6±5.7 days before expected calving date. The result showed that Trim and Trim/Claw-treated group had higher milk protein ratio in the second month after calving. But milk yield and other milk contents (milk fat ratio, SCC and MUN) within 3 months after calving, were not statistically different among groups. Activity and lying behavior (rest bout, rest time per bout and total rest time) were not statistically different among groups. In reproductive performance, interval from calving to first service, number of services per conception and days open were better in cows trimmed before dry period, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant differences among the groups in the number of treatments of mastitis, metritis and reproductive disorders in the first half period of the lactation. The number of treatments of claw disorder was slightly lower in cows that trimmed before dry period, though there was no statistical difference. The culling rate was 9% lower in the trimmed cows in the first half period of the lactation. In conclusion, claw trimming before dry period may not help milk performance, activity and lying behavior. But it has the potential to improve reproduction performance and reduce the cost of artificial insemination, and reduce culling rate in the first half of the lactation. Dairy farms in Taiwan generally lack the concept of applying routine claw trimming. Acceptance is still not high due to the cost increase from claw trimming and no immediate positive effect. Future studies are needed for developing proper claw management in Taiwan. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71294 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201801838 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 動物科學技術學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-107-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.79 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。