專業證照制度之研究： 以專技人員執業資格之考試權與工作權保障為核心

Abstract

晚近台灣的專門職業進入高度證照化的時代，特別是因為司法院大法官解釋對於憲法第86條第2款的解釋，使得專門職業的證照法規範，均設計為考試搭配許可制的模式。專門職業是否須一概設計為，以考試為基礎的許可制，憲法第86條第2款對於專門職業管制的態度為何，即為本文探討的重點之一。此外，專門職業證照化涉及工作權限制，而此部分長期以來被大法官解釋所忽略，並且工作權限制與憲法第86條第2款，乃至於考試院的專門職業管制權三者關係，並未被釐清。因此，本文主要從專門職業和證照化的關係出發，進一步探討，憲法對於專門職業證照化的形塑。

Since most occupations are licensed in Taiwan, especially based on the professionalism and the judicial interpretations about article 86, section 2 of the Constitution. The situation above caused the control of professions is designed as licensure which use examinations to identify one’s abilities to meet the demands from the judicial interpretations. Though the kinds of regulations absolutely restrict the right to work our judicial interpretations overlooked it. Furthermore, the relation among the right to work, article 86, section 2 of the Constitution and the power of controlling professions which are thought as the power of the Examination Yuan has been neglected for a long time. As a result, I’d like to analyze the problems about professions and its control, and what contents did article 86, section 2 of the Constitution the control of professions.