受刑人表意自由之研究

Abstract

表意自由為受刑人應享有的基本權利，即使監獄有安全秩序要求等特殊需要，仍不得恣意限制。受刑人身處於國家控制之環境，其言論更可以避免國家權力於監獄中受到濫用、重新型塑自身個人人格，以及協助促成受刑人回歸社會。因此，限制上更應謹慎。 對表意自由之限制，形式上必須是基於有效的法律。此外，人民在具體案件中，也需有合理指示告知適用於該案件的法律為何，而不能是過度抽象或教條式的文字。 實質上，本文認為限制的目的應只有：「防止失序、防制犯罪、保護公共道德、保護他人權利」這四種，不適宜以「教化有不利影響之虞」作為限制受刑人權利之目的。 接著，就手段與目的之關連，需區分言論是外流向內或對內流向外，而為不同規定，且監獄須證明限制僅止於達到目的的必要手段，且非過度反應。 最後，必須注意受刑人處於人身自由受到國家全面掌握的狀態，國家必須隨時依照當代社會之生活需求，積極的形成具體規範，協助受刑人維持最基本的與外界溝通。

The freedom of expression is the basic right of the inmates, and even if the prison has its special requirement for a safe order, it is still not permissible to impose restrictions on inmates. The inmates are in a nation-controlled environment, therefore, their remarks should avoid the abuse of nation power in prisons, and reform their own personal personality and help the inmates return to the society. Therefore, the restrictions should be more cautious. Restrictions on this right must be based on effective law in form. In addition, people in this specific case also need to have reasonable instructions to inform the law applicable to the case, instead of over abstract or dogmatic text. This article considers that the purpose of the restriction should only be as follows: 'the prevention of disorder, the prevention of crime, the protection of public morals and the protection of the rights of others', and it is not suitable for the purpose of restricting the rights of the inmates by 'adversely affected by enlightenment'. Then, we need to separate the remarks are inward or outward through their means and purposes and set different provisions. And the prison has to prove that the restriction is only necessary to achieve the purpose of the means, and not overreaction. Finally, we must pay attention to the freedom of personality of the inmates are under the whole control by the nation. The country must follow the needs of contemporary society's life at any time, and actively formulate specific norms to help the inmates to maintain the basic communication with the outside world.