吳康齋的聖人之學

Abstract

吳與弼（1392-1469），號康齋，明代理學的開創性人物，本論文試圖對康齋的聖人之學作進一步的探討。聖人的觀念從先秦時期，認為孔子是天縱而不可學的，至於宋代轉變成聖人可學。康齋繼承了這樣的轉變，延續了宋代的聖人觀。然而，於其學問上有所轉變，逐漸偏向對於「心」的關注。本論文透過對於康齋《日錄》及其詩作的分析，試圖探討康齋的聖人之學有什麼樣的特色。《日錄》是以日記的形式，記錄康齋修養的心地變化。透過《日錄》，將心地十字打開，直窺康齋成聖之學的心境，扭轉了明初科舉化、注疏化的理學風向。另外，《日錄》中記載了其工夫修養的方法，記載了其夢見聖人的經驗，以及記錄了聖人境界的體會。透過對於這些記錄的討論，試圖探究它們對於康齋聖人之學的意義。康齋的詩作亦是其聖人之學的重要部分，透過理解中國古典詩的「氣」論及吟誦的作用，試圖研究康齋的詩如何起到開顯、轉化，甚至是療愈的作用。由此可以知道，詩在康齋的聖人之學當中，起到了怎樣的工夫的作用。透過對於《日錄》及其詩作的探討，試圖勾勒出康齋的聖人之學的面貌。

Wu Yu-pi (1392-1469) is a ground breaking philosopher of Confucianism in Ming dynasty. This thesis attempts to discuss the sagehood pursued by Wu Yu-pi. Since the pre-Qin period, intellectuals generally believed that sagehood, like in the case of Confucius, was bestowed by heaven and cannot be attained by human effort. A paradigm shift only occurred during the Song Dynasty whereby the belief that sagehood can be attainable through practice emerged. Based on this new paradigm, Wu Yu-pi conceptualised his own idea of sagehood in the early Ming dynasty. This thesis seeks to understand the characteristics of the kind of sagehood envisioned by Wu Yu-pi through analysing his diary and poetries. The diary recorded the process and methods of sagehood attainment and poetry is undoubtedly an integral part of his pursuit to become a saint. As such, through the close reading and analysis of The Diary and his poetries, this thesis seeks to illustrate and portray a more comprehensive understanding of Wu Yu-pi’s brand of sagehood.