BIM工程專案合約及營建業BIM專業人員認證之概念架構建立

Abstract

建築資訊模型(BIM)近年來不論在建築設計、土木工程，抑或是設施維護方面都有顯著的發展。此外，文獻也透露出風險對於工程專案及契約有負面的影響，因此需要在生命週期的一開始就納入考慮。然而，BIM的效益得以實現必須先解決其法律上可能產生之問題，先前的調查中顯示業主對於BIM的應用保持疑慮，主要是因為想避免法律或訴訟的狀況發生。為了解決上述問題，本研究旨在訂定BIM契約中關鍵影響因子與提出一個合法的BIM契約架構，如此一來可以促進BIM在營建產業上的應用。為了達成上述目的，必須先從文獻中了解各國家BIM契約中存在之問題，接下來再針對業主進行專家訪談，將業界所在乎的法律、風險、界面問題一併納入考量，同時也將業界專家們的經驗與創新思維整合到此研究中。最後本研究成果通過Friedman檢定及，所提出的關鍵影響因子與合約架構將可以提升BIM應用之意願。 關於BIM合約的成功，「人」的因素佔據一定的比例，隨著BIM使用量的增加，但BIM相關證照卻尚未合法化與被廣泛認可，因此本研究進行專家訪談與發放問卷，來了解東南亞國協對於BIM證照的需求，有研究指出業界對於該證照的需求已及透過註冊或證照發放的方式來解決「人」的問題。再者，有報告指出BIM專業人員所提供的效益得以被認可取決於證照是否被接受，因此，根據專家訪談結果，BIM證照需依照: 經理、協調人員、建模工程師分三類來訂定其標準。最後，本研究提出一證照發放架構，不僅僅侷限在東南亞國協，希望能達到國際間勞動力流通的目的 。

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most promising models that have been efficiently applied in the architecture, engineering, construction, and facility management (AECFM) in recent decades. Integrating BIM into construction projects promises a wide range of potential benefits in increasing project productivity and performance. However, legal risk is a factor adversely affecting construction projects. It should be considered at the early stage of a construction project. BIM advantages can only be achieved if the legal framework of BIM is straightforward and realistic. In addition, the owners and other stakeholders of these projects are usually cautious of BIM adoption to avoid legal issues that may arise in such projects. To solve that problem, this research aims to identify the critical factors for BIM projects' success and propose a legal framework for BIM construction contracts. The results can be avoided the outlined issues and promoted BIM adoption in the construction industry. A comprehensive literature review is carried out to identify the legal issues that emerge from BIM adoption in construction projects worldwide. A survey was performed with the stakeholders of construction projects, and BIM expert interviews were conducted. That is to identify and address various legal issues, risks, and barriers when adopting BIM in construction contracts, and gather information about BIM contract awareness, experiences, and innovative practices in the construction industry. The BIM legal issues are generated and validated by the Friedman test. A set of critical success factors and a contractual framework that would lead to successful BIM-inclusive construction contracts. Significantly, the human is one of the key factors that are related to the success of the construction projects involving BIM. Training and providing engineering services qualification is one of the professional qualification recognition schemes. BIM adoption is a trend of the construction industry, and the amount of BIM practitioners are increasing, but BIM Practitioner Certifications (BPCs) have not been legalized and recognized. Experts interviews and questionnaire surveys were also conducted to identify the demand for BPCs of BIM human resources in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As a result, recognizing the competency of BIM practitioners should be demanded and legalized with the recognition of experienced engineers via registration or licensing. This is also shown as an important step for removing artificial barriers to professional engineers' free movement and practice amongst countries. Moreover, the study suggests that the BIM workforce’s benefits only become realizable when BIM certifications are systematic and recognized. Based on the survey results and expert interviews, BIM practitioners should be certified according to three main roles: manager, coordinator, and modeler. Importantly, a framework for issuing BPCs is proposed in this study. The outcome of this study is expected to significantly contribute to the success of BIM practitioner mobility among countries for sustainable economic development. It is also believed that the findings of this study will not only benefit BIM implementation in developing countries in ASEAN, but it may also serve as a reference to many other countries around the world.