屏蔽電磁波和紅外線可穿著式光伏元件

Abstract

有機太陽能電池它具有非常多優越的特性，像是可彎曲、重量輕、低成本、溶液製程可大面積製造等優點，目前被大家所矚目成為新一代的太陽能電池。 首先我們運用銅銦鎵量子點，將之與以P3HT:PCBM 為主動層的有機太陽能電池做巧妙的結合並大幅度地提高了電池的效率。銅銦鎵量子點不但在吸收方面與有機高分子的吸收有互補的效果，而且它也減小了主動層與電子傳輸層的能階差，使得電子傳輸更有效率。此外，添加銅銦鎵量子點於氧化鋅表面能夠提升氧化鋅的結晶性，使得氧化鋅的缺陷減少，同時提升太陽能電池的並聯電阻。由於量子點非常小，在量子點表面會有非常強的偶極矩能夠幫助激子的分離。造成短路電流與填充因子分別有 9.43% 與 3.38% 的上升，光電轉換效率從 3.32% 上升到 4.11%，約有 23.80% 的增加。 第二，由於可彎曲、方便可攜帶的光電元件已經成為下個世代研究的主流。嘗試製作可穿著的抗電磁波光伏元件為此實驗的目標。因此我們運用碳纖維布其高導電與輕薄可彎曲的特性，在其上成長奈米碳管與蒸鍍有機分子製作成同時擁有光伏效應與抗電磁波特性的元件。發現到此元件產生明顯的光電流並且擁有很好的電磁波屏蔽效果。在手機頻率 0~2 GHz，屏蔽效果達到20 dB，意味著在此區間抗電磁波的應用達到商業價值的水準。

Organic photovoltaics have received an intensive attention due to their promising features, such as low cost, light weight, simple solution-based process, and flexibility. In this thesis, first, We report an introduction of CuGaSe2 quantum dots (CGS QDs) into ZnO/P3HT:PCBM based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to show an enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE). The incorporated QDs can not only increase the absorption of OPVs but also reduce band offset between the active layer and the hole-blocking layer to perform more effective carrier transport. Surface defects and grain boundaries of ZnO are also reduced, because the ZnO crystal quality is improved by CGS QDs. Moreover, the intrinsic dipole moments of QDs further induce rapid charge separation. The short circuit current and fill factor of the OPV are improved by 9.43% and 3.38% after CGS QDs modification, resulted in an overall power conversion efficiency from 3.32% up to 4.11% for a power conversion enhancement 23.80%. Second, flexible electronics is an emerging and promising technology for next generation of optoelectronic devices. Therefore, carbon fibers/carbon nanotubes/organic molecules composites are synthesized as an organic photovoltaic and a shield. The device generates photocurrent and the EMI shielding effectiveness are around 20 dB in the domain of 0~2 GHz (mobile phone system), implying that they can be used commercially as shielding materials, which prevents microwave damages from mobile phones. The properties of wearable, portable, and flexible induce them possess a high capability to be utilized.