隋代中央武官研究

Abstract

本文以「隋代的中央武將」為題，討論對象包括禁衛大將軍、東宮十率，與行軍統帥。本文分析禁衛大將軍、東宮十率、行軍統帥的出身與地域分佈、仕途經歷與文武遷轉，理解隋代軍事體系中，社會階層的流動。隋代的中央武將，來自關隴集團、山東地區和江南將臣，顯示出隋代中央武將的統治集團不再被關隴集團所壟斷。隋代中央武將的胡漢界線漸趨模糊，為隋代任用中央武將的特出現象之一。 隋代中央武將的選任方式呈現「門閥削弱，平民入仕」的趨勢，中央武將的父祖任官經歷對中央武將無直接影響。中央武將的選職方式，主要受到軍功、平民憑藉府兵或募兵等途徑，打破門閥壟斷、用蔭入仕的局面。 從隋文帝過渡到隋煬帝，禁衛大將軍的前任官反映出中央武官出身者減少、府兵出身者增加，與親王出身者減少等三個現象。禁衛大將軍後任官類型，反映出轉任地方官人數減少、為最末任官職增加等二個現象，進一步深化「文武分途」現象。 本文藉由中央武將的出身與背景、升遷與流動，分析此時期擁有軍權的中央武將，所造成社會階層的變動，甚至平民出身而逐漸打破「關隴門閥」的社會傾向。 就統軍出征而言，隋代戰役中，不論禁衛大將軍或行軍統帥領軍出征，重大戰役均可謂勝戰，禁衛大將軍或行軍統帥均扮演重要的領導角色。雖然東宮十率並未參與重大戰役，但煬帝時七成以上的東宮十率多轉任為禁衛大將軍，東宮十率的儲備幹部功能亦可謂發揮其作用。 不僅如此，隋代軍事制度具有上承漢代、下啟唐代的重要意義。隋代的禁軍衛府、東宮兵制和行軍制度是發展與變動的軍事制度。而唐代軍事制度仍繼續承襲隋代的禁軍衛府、東宮兵制和行軍制度。隋代軍事制度，應有其存在的價值與意義。

In this paper, the subject is 'The Study of the Central Military Officials in Sui Dynasty', for discussion include the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard , the ten Guards of the Eastern Palace , and March Commander-in-chief. This paper seeks to understand social mobility in the military system during Sui Dynasty by analyzing the origins, geographical distribution, and the promotion channels of the central military generals. In the Sui Dynasty, a number of central military generals from Guanlong , Shandong and Southern Groups showed that the Guanlong Group no longer monopolized the positions of the central military generals . Furthermore, the Hu and Han lines of the central military generals were blurring, which was one distinctive phenomenon of the military appointments during the Sui Dynasty. In Sui Dynasty, the appointments of the central military generals showed a trend that 'powerful families were weakened, and the civilians entered officialdom.' Heredity did not direct impact on the of the central military generals. The selection of the central military generals was mainly through military merits, and channels such as Garrison Militia (fubing conscription )or Mercenary Recruit(volunteers). Powerful families no longer monopolized military positions by inheritance. The former appointments of the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard made during the period of Emperors Wen and Yang reflect the three phenomena: those who came from military bureaucracy were reduced, those who came from Garrison Militia (fubing conscription ) increased, and the number of princes declined. Two phenomena are reflected in the subsequent posts of the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard : there were less examples of transfers to local officials following the post of the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard, and its appointment increasingly became the last post. These phenomena indicate that the appointments of the civil and the military were gradually bifurcated. By exploring the origins, promotion channels and mobility of the central military generals , this paper analyzes social mobility as seen in the great military power of the central military generals during this period. I argue that the promotion of the civilians gradually broke the monopoly of the ' Guanlong powerful families.” In terms of the military expedition system, the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard or march commander leader in war of the Sui Dynasty, the remaining major battles can be described as wins the war, the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard, or march commander to play an important leadership role. Although the ten Guards of the Eastern Palace was not involved in major battles, more than 70% of the ten Guards of the Eastern Palace transfer for the general-in-chief of the Palace Guard during the period of Emperor Yang , the ten Guards of the Eastern Palace of reserve cadres function also can be said to play its role. Moreover, the military regime of the Sui Dynasty is the order of the Han Dynasty and the significance of the Tang Dynasty . During the Sui Dynasty, the Capital Garrison System, the Eastern Palace System, and the march system is developing and changing of the military system. The military system of the Tang Dynasty will continue to inherit the Capital Garrison System, the Eastern Palace System, and the march system of the Sui Dynasty. The military system in Sui Dynasty should have its own value and significance.