在自然主義與規範主義之間：由實踐理由的觀點來看待法律規範性的條件

Abstract

規範性是什麼？法律是否具有規範性？，上述這組關於法律規範性的議題無疑是當今法理學領域中的最受關切的領域之一。因為這領域不但涉及法律本質的討論，更在某層面上拓展且深化了自然法與法實證主義間的討論。 本文的主軸一開始將放在倫理學對於”實踐理由”此一議題的討論上，分別藉由三組立場互異的後設倫理學立場，來分析作為實踐理由的規範性，最後運用柯思嘉(C.M Korsgaard)的理論來做總結。並藉著這組分析架構的框架，來討論當代幾個較為重要的法實證主義理論。 本文共分九個章節，第壹至三章討論自然主義與規範主義兩大陣營對於規範性的看法，肆至陸章則對實踐理由進行分析，並分別檢視內在主義與外在主義主要立場，最後以柯思嘉的立場作結。第柒章討論為何以及如何將這組討論架構適用在當代的法律理論中，第捌章則討論個別當代法理學學者的理論，第九章則以柯思嘉理論的視野來作為總結。

“What is the normativity ?” , ”Does the law has normativity or not ? ” The aforementioned issue concerning legal normativity is undoubtedly one of the fields where scholars are most concerned in jurisprudence today. The issues do not only matter the nature of law, but also expand and deepen the discussion between Natural Law and Legal Positvism in certain level. The purpose of this study began with the discussion of “practical reasons” in ethics, and the three different groups of Meta-Ethic positions are used to analyzed the normativity as practical reasons, and finally the C.M. Korsgaard’s theory is used to summarized . Through the frame of analyzed structure, several important contemporary theories of Legal Positvism are discussed. This thesis is divided into 9 chapters. From 1~3 chapter, this article discussed the views of normativity from Naturalism and Normativism. Later, in the content of 4~6 chapter, this article analyzed practical reasons, and investigated the main topics of Internalism and Externalism in meta-ethics; moreover, it ended in the Korsgaard’s arguments. The chapter 7 would discussed why and how this analytic frame was applied into the discussion of contemporary legal theories. Then, the chapter 8 focused on the theory of individual jurisprudence scholars. The chapter 9 draw a conclusion which based on the theory with Korsgaard’s vision.