PPGIS促進溝通之成效-美濃國家自然公園案例分析

Abstract

公眾參與地理資訊系統 (Public Participation Geographic Information System, PPGIS) 的概念自1996年National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA) 會議發想以來，已逐漸成為公、私部門在公眾議題討論上重要的溝通平台。舉凡資源調查、社區監測與國土空間規劃等決策議題，皆可透過PPGIS的討論機制，達成意見整合與凝聚共識的目標。藉由PPGIS工作坊，不僅能在討論過程中呈現空間資訊外，還能將在地知識與公眾訴求即時地記錄下來，並促使決策與討論更具全面性的考量。大部分關於公眾參與地理資訊系統的研究中，明確指出PPGIS為良好的溝通平台，有助於提升賦權 (empower)、公眾參與和凝聚共識的成效，但對於PPGIS具有哪些促進溝通的影響要素以及如何促進有效的溝通卻鮮少有所探討。因此，本研究試圖解構美濃國家自然公園的規劃歷程，分析PPGIS導入的溝通過程中溝通模式與溝通網絡的變化，探究PPGIS促進民眾溝通並凝聚共識的可能。研究結果顯示透過PPGIS的溝通循環模式，可以達成資訊視覺化、在地知識的再現與賦權、知識型態的轉譯以及溝通情境的重塑四大成效，並增進權益關係人間雙向溝通的互動關係，增進民眾參與的型態與共識的滿意程度。是故，PPGIS的溝通模式彌補了過往民眾參與過程中資訊不對稱的現象，促成權益關係人間的互動與連結，有利於達成理性溝通願景下的共識凝聚。

Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) have become an important approach to facilitate consensus-building and decision-making in various public issues. Through PPGIS workshop, we do not only show the spatial information, but also record local knowledge and visualize different public demands simultaneously. Reviewing the current literatures about PPGIS, the focus tends to discuss empowerment issues in the process of public participation. However, few articles have addressed the capabilities and limitations of PPGIS to achieve successful communication. By the case study of the proposed Meinong National Nature Park in Taiwan, we aim to examine how PPGIS, substantially contribute to a community scale consensus-building in defining boundaries. By conducting questionnaires to local residents and analyzing theories of communication effectiveness, we will make an evaluation of PPGIS in achieving communication effectiveness and make suggestions for future applications.