監獄受刑人醫療人權之初探

Abstract

監獄內受刑人之醫療問題，長期以來困擾著監獄內管教運作之機能。若由現代監獄行刑的目的為協助受刑人「社會復歸」觀之，除了積極協助監獄受刑人取得一定謀生技能外，受刑人在監獄中之健康狀況亦應受到相當程度之保障。 另一方面，近年來一般社會對於醫療相關保障的要求日益增加，此外，隨著醫學與公共衛生的發展，人們對於疾病與醫療的概念也慢慢有了變化，這不僅創造出「醫療人權」的多重面向，更進一步揭露「醫療的本質」。 而監獄封閉的環境有如一個自給自足的小社會，受刑人之醫療需求，均是監獄所需面臨的且急需解決之問題。本文欲探討的問題是受刑人的醫療人權內容為何？相關法律的規定內容與實踐上之問題點為何？最後是我們如何看待受刑人之「醫療人權」。 內容部分，本文在第二章由人權定義出發，並藉由「受刑人處遇最低標準規則」勾勒出受刑人人權之圖像。第三章介紹1960年代至1980年代之美國的不干涉主義與日、德兩國的特別權力關係的崩壞於受刑人醫療相關判決所體現，並同時界定受刑人醫療權利範圍與其所代表的意義。 第四章及第五章部分，由我國、日本、德國與歐盟等各國法律（行刑法）、命令及規則等中對於受刑人醫療與衛生章節之相關條文做一比較分析，並同時介紹各國監獄醫療體系與實踐情形。第六章則是介紹醫療理論與監獄醫療（矯正醫療）之相異處與問題點，並針對此提出批判。第七章為結論。

Abstract The medical service problems of prison inmates have been a trouble to prison administration in correctional function for a long time. From the perspective of the purpose of imprisonment, which is to encourage and assist inmates to reform and adapt to social life. From this point of view, prisons should not keep inmates only alive but also heathily. Furthermore, the needs of the rights surrounding medical care of the society has been increasing. Along with the advance of the medicine and public health, the definition of disease and medicine has changed accordingly, thus a multi-dimension concept of the medical rights arised, with the discovery of the essence of the medicine. The encapsulation encbles the prison to become a self-sufficienct society, and hence the medical needs of the inmates has also become an urgent issue to prisons. The main purpose of this thesis is to clarify the idea of the medical rights of inmates, and to illustrate the conflicts of the law and practices that are related to the medical rights of inmates, and finally to provide suggestions on how we should regard medical rights of inmates. The main contents of the thesis were as followed: In chapter two, the definition of the 'human rights' and the image of the inmates have been provided with an aid of 'The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules For The Treatment Of Prisoners.' In chapter three, the author quotes verdicts that are related to the medical rights of inmates. An introduction of the collapse of the 'Hands-off doctrine' in America as well as the 'Theory of special power relationship ' in Japan and Germany during 1960s to 80s, is also included. This chapter also attempts to delimit the range and the definition of the medical rights of inmates. In chapter four and five, the author analyzes and compares the Prison Law, regulations, the medical system and the present medical situation in prison in Japan, Germany, America, UK, Korea, EU, France, and Taiwan. In chapter six, the author introduces the difference of medical theories in prisons and society, and the problems of the correction medical treatment. Moreover, this chapter also attempts to answer the question 'Why is there no existing way to improve the situation of the medical treatment of inmates?' With a critical arguement chapter seven serves as a conclusion.