青少年犯罪問題之研究—以台灣和越南立法發展比較為中心

Abstract

少年是國家未來的主人，一個國家的興衰是取決於少年的發展培育。屬於生理、心理未成熟的階段，少年更是需要家庭、學校、社會多以關心、照顧和教育。實際上，少年犯罪人數日益增加，已經成為全球矚目並特別需要各國政府加以探討的問題，以提出犯罪處遇和預防犯罪等對策。近年來，台灣與越南之間的經貿、投資、科技、教育、文化、婚姻、觀光等領域的交流極為密切，雙方的交流往來衍生之司法糾紛就必須要進一步瞭解彼此的司法體系及思維模式。因此，本文以台灣與越南的少年犯罪之立法發展作為比較研究。 本文共有七章，除了第一章的緒言以及第七章的結論之外，其他五章具體分為：第二章，台灣與越南刑法史之發展；第三章，少年犯罪理論與犯罪成因；第四章，少年犯罪之發展趨勢；第五章，少年犯罪之對策；第六章，少年犯罪之案例分析。 本文之研究目的，即在探討台灣和越南兩國少年犯罪學研究、少年犯罪現況、少年犯罪成因，以及有關少年犯罪刑事法規範的相關問題，一方面，能夠進一步瞭解雙方少年犯罪概況及其法律規範之適用，另一方面，提供雙方立法者對於兩國少年犯罪之立法方向，並共同實現少年犯罪率降低之目標。本文以歷史法、案件分析法、比較法，為主要研究方法，並逐步瞭解台灣與越南的少年犯罪現況及其相關法律規定，就更能夠理解少年犯罪行為之因素及其犯罪刑事責任的法律和實踐之基礎，從而找出雙方法律規定的差異性與相似性，並進一步探討與提出雙方共同見解，以促進建立預防與防治犯罪之解決方法，使其不僅符合於國際規定原則，又適合於國內實踐需求，尤其台灣立法過程是實際經驗，對越南立法之發展頗有學習與參考價值。

The rise and fall of a country depends on the nurturing and development of juvenile, they are future pillars of the society and future masters of a country. Because they are immature physically and mentally, so they need more of education and consideration from social, school and family. In fact, the number of violent crimes committed by young people is increasing. It has become the focus of world attention, and needs more of investigations from Governments to put forward workable solutions, like criminal justice and crime prevention. In recent years, the exchanges between Taiwan and Vietnam, such as trade, investment, technology, education, culture, marriage and tourism, are very close. Bilateral exchanges may lead to some judicial disputes, so we must understand both of their judicial system and mode of thinking. Therefore, this paper makes a comparison between Taiwan and Vietnam with a study on juvenile delinquency. This paper contains seven chapters, besides the first chapter is the introduction part and the seventh chapter is the conclusion part, other five chapters are divided into: the second chapter, the development of the criminal history of Taiwan and Vietnam; the third chapter, the theory of juvenile delinquency and criminal causes; the fourth chapter, the development trend of juvenile delinquency; the fifth chapter, countermeasures to juvenile delinquency; the sixth chapter, analysis on case of juvenile delinquency. Purpose of this paper is to treat a study on juvenile delinquency, current situations, causes and criminal law norms beetween Taiwan and Vietnam. On the one hand, we can learn more about overview and legal norms of juvenile delinquency, on the other hand, they can upgrade their legislative directions, and also can achieve reducing juvenile delinquency.The historical, case-analysis and comparative are main research methods in this paper, however we can understand delinquency reasons and criminal liability, in order to identify the differences and similarities of legal requirements between Taiwan and Vietnam, and propose visions of both sides. Establishing the delinquency prevention, it not only matches international principles, but also suitable for national demands, in particular, Taiwan legislation process is worth for Vietnam to learn, in order to develop its legislation.