結合BIM及時程資訊以偵測建築營建階段軟衝突之研究

Abstract

建築工程中主要區分為土木工程與機電工程兩大項，而土木工程與機電工程存在許多介面需要整合，諸如管線預留孔、設備進場動線等，簡單將機土介面衝突分為硬衝突與軟衝突，硬衝突為空間上確實存在衝突，如管線配置於同一空間；軟衝突為空間上無實際衝突，但無足夠的施作空間或施作時動線受到阻礙。倘若於施作期間的介面整合上有疏忽，不論是硬衝突或軟衝突的發生，都會導致土木工程成本與時間上的損失，甚至是日後工程糾紛的產生。 Build Information Modeling(BIM) 是近年來工程發展之趨勢，BIM 模型除了能達到工程設計具體化外，亦可輸出材料明細表進行材料使用量計算，或套入相關BIM軟體進行相關檢測分析，如日照模擬、4D展示。 工程管理上多使用Microsoft Project或 Primavera P3/P6進行施工時程規劃，目前既有套裝軟體在讀取BIM模型與時程資訊後，於4D展示上需有模型與時程資訊間的鍵結關係，因此需於BIM模型中輸入鍵結資訊。 本文基於BIM模型中與時程資訊之鍵結資訊，提出以BIM模型結合排程軟體所建立之時程資訊，進行工程營建階段軟衝突的自動化偵測，讓使用者於BIM模型建立及施工排程作業完畢後，可即時偵測模型中存在軟衝突之機電設備為何，於施作前就先進行修正，以減少日後介面衝突產生的損失與糾紛。

Construction engineering and mechanical & electrical (M&E) engineering are the two major works in a construction project which needs many design integrations including the considerations of pipe pre-reserved hole and mechanical equipment’s moving route to ensure no conflicts between the two could occur. The interface conflicts between construction engineering and M&E engineering can be separated into two types: hard conflict and soft conflict. Hard conflict is defined as spatial conflict between or among building objects, while soft conflict is defined as the conflict without having enough working space to be constructed or moved. Both of the two conflicts will cause increase in construction cost and project duration, in some cases, it even generates disputes between constructors and contractors. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is now a developing trend in construction industry. BIM can make the virtual building design into visualization, and with the abundant building information in BIM, it can be integrated with other BIM-related software to conduct different analysis including energy and 4D simulation. In schedule planning, project managers usually use Microsoft Project or Primavera P3/P6 software. However, if project adopts 4D simulation software (Autodesk Navisworks or Bentley Schedule Simulation), the linkage information between BIM and schedule has to be created in the 4D software . This study is based on the linkage information between BIM and schedule information. User can use this program to do soft conflict detection when he finished BIM model and schedule. It can help designer find problem in design step and to correct his design to reduce interface conflict, project cost, and dispute in the future.