木質內裝與屋頂綠化對住宅室內溫濕度與節能減碳之效應

Abstract

台灣大部分的建築物構造為鋼筋混凝土，其特性是對於風力及地震力有較好的抵抗力，但此類型建築物的隔熱性能差，於夏冬兩季往往會造成許多能量的消耗與二氧化碳的排放，對於環境的影響甚大。本研究對於不同壁裝率(A/V，A為壁裝材料面積，V為空間體積，單位m-1)與不同壁裝方式之杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)壁板及人工草皮或台北草(Zoysia matrella)屋頂覆蓋對於調節室內溫濕度環境及降低室內能源消耗影響效果進行試驗。試驗材料為兩棟長4.6公尺、寬4.2公尺、高3.2公尺的混凝土實驗屋，實驗組以可拆卸式木壁板作為內部裝潢，或於屋頂施以天然草皮或人工草皮覆蓋，兩組皆控制室溫為25°C。實驗紀錄以溫濕度變動比評估木材裝潢及屋頂覆蓋對室內溫濕度調節的穩定性，以中位數相對關係評估木材裝潢及屋頂覆蓋對室內溫濕度調節的調節性，以溫濕度記錄合於舒適範圍內的比例(THI值)作為室內舒適度指標，並以室內空調用電量之差異(Esr值)評估木材裝潢及屋頂覆蓋的節能減碳效益。實驗結果顯示，以兩至五面牆體內部加設木壁板內裝對於室內溫濕度調節具有正面的效果，人工草皮進行覆蓋對於室內溫濕度調節效益影響不大，而天然草皮的蒸發散現象及覆土厚度會影響對室內溫濕度的調節效益。舒適度效益部分，以四面牆體內部加設木壁板內裝時，對於室內舒適度之維持最為理想，人工草皮屋頂覆蓋對室內環境之調控效益不大，而單以天然草皮屋頂覆蓋對於室內舒適度的維持可能不夠，需以木材內壁裝潢作為搭配。在節省能源效益部分，木材內裝能節省6%~53%的用電量，以人工草皮覆蓋屋頂會增加室內空調之耗電量，而天然草皮覆蓋能大幅降低室內空調的運作。

Most school buildings and residences in Taiwan were constructed with reinforced concrete (RC). Their walls provide good strength against typhoons in summer. However, it also causes higher energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and an unhealthy living environment. The effect of plantation wood (China fir, Cunninghamia lanceolata) used for interior wall finish and roof coverings (artificial turf or Manila Grass, Zoysia matrella) on the indoor environment conditioning effect, the power consumption and carbon dioxide emission reduction was explored in a temperature (25℃) controlled room (Room B; Room A was without wood finish as the control) by changing the number of wooden interior finish on walls. The two experimental rooms constructed with reinforced concrete had approximate dimensions of 4.6 m in length, 4.2 m in width, and 3.2m in height. Temperature and humidity changing ratio is used to assess the stable force of timber and roof cover on the indoor temperature and humidity, median relative relationship is used to assessed regulating force of timber and roof cover on the indoor temperature and humidity, the ratio of temperature and humidity within the comfort range(THI value) is used as indicators of indoor comfort, and the difference of indoor air-conditioning electricity consumption(Esr value) is used to assess timber decoration and roof-covered carbon reduction benefits. During the experimental period, two to five side of interior wall finish has a positive effect on conditioning effect for indoor temperature and humidity, artificial turf roof covering has little effect, and evapotranspiration and soil layer thickness of natural turf will affect the conditioning effect for the indoor temperature and humidity regulation. For indoor comfort benefits, four side of interior wall finish has a positive effect for the maintenance of indoor comfort ideal state, artificial turf roof covering still has little effect, and only natural turf roof covering may not be sufficient to maintain a comfortable indoor environment state, need to coordinate with wood interior adjust the set temperature. For power saving rate, wood interior generally able to save 6% to 53% of electricity consumption, natural turf roof covering also has the postive effect, and artificial turf covering roof will increase the power consumption of the indoor air conditioning. Combining the above considerations, two to four interior walls finish will be recommended for commercial buildings, three to five interior walls finish will be recommended for residences, which could lead to a substantial reduction in energy requirements, carbon dioxide emissions, and a better living environment.