宜蘭縣無尾港文教促進會的運作與地方角色

Abstract

本研究旨在分析宜蘭縣無尾港文教促進會，一個座落於無尾港水鳥保護區周邊、順暢運作超過十七年，且積極參與保護區事務的草根性保育組織，其組織運作模式與在地角色的扮演。採紮根理論取徑，從2011年3月至2012年5月，共蒐集了33筆參與觀察紀錄及21筆訪談資料。 研究結果發現：「參與」是影響促進會組織運作的關鍵因素，特別在集體領導、志工參與及跨社區平台方面。促進會的集體領導根植於其組織發展歷程，於早年嚴重衝突分裂後，會員重組逐漸發展出一起工作與共同決策的方式。後來，促進會每逢秋季到次年春季，定期舉辦鳥類調查，一次約花費數小時到一天的時間，有參與討論與簡單的分析，還有享受賞鳥的樂趣。促進會志工的高度參與會務，或者跟其會務活動多以此方式動員有關。然而，習於此也是一種限制。另外，除了參與的取徑外，促進會做為跨社區的平台，也需要仰賴各鄰近社區組織運作與共識的穩定度。最後，位於鄉村地區的促進會，無可避免地有著欠缺新血的議題。

Using the Wu-Wei River Cultural and Education Association (WWRCEA), a grass-root conservation organization by the Wu-Wei-Kang Waterfowl Wildlife Refuge with over seventeen years’ history and participated actively in refuge management, this study aims to figure out the way of its operation and role in the local area. From March 2011 to May 2012, this study collected 33 records by participant observation and 21 records by qualitative interview in the field, and employed a grounded theory approach to deal with these records. The results showed that participation is the critical element for its operation, particularly the collective leadership, volunteer involvement and the cross-community platform. The collective leadership of WWRCEA rooted in its processes of organizational development. Its members reorganized this association and developed gradually the way to work and make decisions together, while there were serious conflicts and separation in early years of its history. Afterwards, they routinely conduct a bird survey mainly from autumn to the following spring, which took a couple of hours or one day, had some discussions and simple data analysis, and funs to enjoy bird watching per time. The high degree of participation for its volunteers may attribute to this kind of way to mobilize them for activities. However, getting used to this way may also a constraint for the mobilization of its volunteers. Regarding WWRCEA as a local communicating platform, it relies also on stability of organizations on their operation and common consensuses in adjacent communities except the participatory approach of operation. Finally, lacking new blood is inevitably a key issue for WWRCEA located in rural areas.