歷史文件自動地名標註-以《清實錄》為例

Abstract

歷史資料在近年來不斷進步的資訊技術下，開始能夠被數位化整理，且能結合地圖資訊，運用地理資訊系統，以空間的面向呈現歷史的脈絡，提供歷史學者一個不同的觀察角度，為人文研究帶來新的氣象。 然而，對於歷史研究者而言，地理資訊系統雖然便利，卻有一定的門檻存在，使得多數歷史研究者依然無法使用GIS軟體作為研究工具，使得歷史研究與地理資訊系統之間難以發揮原本預期之輔助結果。因此本研究的目標在於建構一個GIS能夠以直覺式的操作，被不同歷史研究者使用，因應其研究需求，自由的上傳資料，提供對應地理資訊的觀察。 本文以《清實錄》作為歷史文本的例子，結合地圖，開發一具有圖文整合能力的地理資訊系統。本文提出了使用空間資料庫及Text Mining技術，標註歷史文本中的地名且加入地理資訊的方法。且使用者能夠透過介面的操作，將自動化標註之結果做人工的校正。最後能將文件的地理資訊與地圖結合，呈現出文件的地理位置，使研究者能藉由視覺化的角度的觀察文件的空間資訊。期待研究者能藉由使用此系統，降低對使用GIS作為研究工具的抗拒，進而理解GIS對歷史研究的幫助。

Through the progress of information technology, a lot of historical documents have been digitized in recent years. By integrating the digital files and geographic information, a Geographic Information System (GIS) can display the context of history on maps, help historians observe phenomena which are not easily found from article alone, and provide historians a different perspective on historical research. However, there is a technical barrier. For users without sufficient knowledge in geography, mastering GIS can be a daunting task, and the results may not necessarily meet the users’ need. The goal of this thesis, then, is to develop a GIS with an intuitive user interface, through which historians can construct geographical maps that correspond to their data. In this thesis, we use the “Veritable Records of the Qing Dynasty” as the historical text, combined with maps, and develop a WebGIS tool. We use spatial databases and text mining technologies to annotate the place name, extract the geographic vocabulary from the texts, and identify the geographic coordinates (landmarks) corresponding to the names. A user can modify the annotations or landmarks easily through the UI. The landmarks are then displayed on digital maps, thus providing the user a way to visually observe the geographical information of their data. We hope that our tool can reduce the technical difficulties that historians often encounter when using GIS, and encourage them to better utilize geographical information in their research.