影響Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)不同目標間平衡之面向探討

Abstract

清潔發展機制（簡稱“CDM”）是《京都協議書》（簡稱“KP”）的其中一項政策工具，其執行旨在控制全球暖化的影響。該項政策工具意味著某些運用於具體生產活動的投資項目的科學技術將被取代。 CDM的目標是同時使不同的參與者實現其各自不同的目的。這些目的是：減少溫室氣體，保護環境；協議參與國的可持續性發展；減排過程中投資者的成本效益等。因此，必須權衡每一目的的輕重。然而，自從開始執行之日起，CDM從未能按設計初衷成功地扮演其應有的角色。從某些方面來看，投資者的決策對這種局面的形成，起了顯著的作用。 而投資者的決策取決於各種因素諸如技術、當局體制、以及排污量交易規模等等。基於這個原因，我們通過對文獻的綜合回顧，對近年來CDM活動的貢獻進行定性分析。本研究的主要發現：一、CDM在同時滿足參與各方利益時的缺陷；二、在未來改善CDM作用時，執行者所需要注意的一些關鍵因素；最後，我們提供了一些建議。

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) policy tools implemented to stabilize the impact on Global Warming. This tool implies the replacement of technology that is conducted through investment projects concerning specific productive activities. The aim of the CDM is to simultaneously fulfill different purposes for different participants. These purposes are: GHG reductions for environmental integrity, sustainability for host countries, and cost-effective mitigation for investors. Therefore, the level of importance of each purpose must be balanced. However, since its first implementations, the CDM has been unable to succeed the role for which it was created. In some way, this situation has been presented due the significant effect on investors’ decision–making process derived from issues belonging to technical, institutional authorities and emission trading dimensions. For this reason, through a comprehensive review of literature, we qualitatively analyze the contribution of CDM activities in recent years. The main findings in this study are, firstly, the weakness of the CDM to simultaneously provide benefits among participants. Secondly, the key elements in which practitioners should pay attention to improve the role of the CDM in the upcoming future. Finally, recommendations are suggested.