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標題: | 蒙古國烏蘭巴托學童尿中1-羥基芘濃度之研究 Study on urinary1-hydroxypyrene levels of students in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
作者: | Yi-Ting Chen 陳禕婷 |
指導教授: | 詹長權(Chang-Chuan Chan) |
關鍵字: | 蒙古,烏蘭巴托,蒙古包,1-羥基芘,多環芳香烴, Mongolia,Ulaanbaatar,Ger,1-hydroxypyrene,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, |
出版年 : | 2013 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 背景:
蒙古首都烏蘭巴托過去十幾年來工業化及都市化發展快速,二氧化硫(SO2)和二氧化氮(NO2)空氣汙染日益嚴重,尤其在冬季期間,蒙古包地區居民會燃燒木材及煤炭取暖煮食。然而暴露於空氣汙染物多環芳香烴對於居民的影響至今尚未有評估,因此本研究目的為利用多環芳香烴的代謝物尿中1-羥基芘,探討住在烏蘭巴托不同地區的學童尿中1-羥基芘濃度情況。 方法: 本研究於研究地區烏蘭巴托的六間學校,選取320位學童作為研究對象,年齡介於11至15歲之間,並於2011年9月(溫暖季節)和12月(寒冷季節)以及2012年3月(溫和季節)分三次季節進行尿液採樣與問卷調查。之後使用高效能液相層析儀及螢光偵測器(HPLC/FLD)進行實驗分析,並做廣義估計方程式(GEE)分析,校正個人和環境因子,評估季節影響蒙古學童尿中1-羥基芘濃度情況,且依學童住址使用土地利用回歸模式預測可能暴露之二氧化硫和二氧化氮濃度,藉以了解蒙古烏蘭巴托地區學童尿中1-羥基芘濃度情形。 結果: 蒙古學童尿中1-羥基芘濃度在寒冷季節為0.30±0.57 μmol/mol creatinine,溫和季節為0.14±0.12 μmol/mol creatinine,溫暖季節為0.14±0.21 μmol/mol creatinine。寒冷季節與溫和季節的尿液1-羥基芘濃度分別高於溫暖季節2.13倍和1.37倍;而蒙古包區的尿液1-羥基芘濃度高於非蒙古包區1.27倍;在房屋形式則是蒙古包與磚造屋的尿液1-羥基芘濃度分別高於公寓大廈1.58和1.34倍。 結論: 蒙古學童的尿液1-羥基芘濃度於寒冷季節、蒙古包區以及居住在蒙古包或磚造屋時顯著增加,顯示在烏蘭巴托地區尿液1-羥基芘濃度和燃燒燃料產生的空氣汙染物相關。 Background: Urbanization and industrialization has rapidly increased air pollution of SO2 and NO2 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in the past few decades, especially in the ger areas in the winter when wood or coal-burning stoves for heating and cooking were needed. The exposure to air pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among residents remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to study urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels, a metabolite of PAHs, among students living in different parts of Ulaanbaatar. Methods: Our study subjects were 320 students aged from 11 to 15 years old in 6 schools in Ulaanbaatar. Spot urine samples and questionnaires were collected three times for each subject in three seasons, i.e. September (warm) and December (cold) in 2011and March (moderate) in 2012. Urinary 1-OHP was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection (HPLC/FLD). Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were applied to estimate seasonal effects on 1-OHP levels, adjusting for demographic and environmental factors. SO2 and NO2 concentrations at subjects’ addresses predicted by land use regression models were used to regress against students’ urinary 1-OHP levels. Results: Students’ urinary 1-OHP levels were 0.30±0.57 μmol/mol creatinine in cold season, 0.14±0.12 μmol/mol creatinine in moderate season, and 0.14±0.21 μmol/mol creatinine in warm season. Urinary 1-OHP levels in cold and moderate seasons were respectively 2.13 and 1.37 higher than the warm season. Urine 1-OHP levels for students living in ger areas were 1.27 higher than those living in non-ger areas. Students who lived in either gers or brick houses had respectively 1.58 and 1.34 higher 1-OHP levels compared with those living in apartments. 1-ppb increase in SO2 at student’s address was associated with 0.01 μmol/mol creatinine increase in urinary 1-OHP. 1-ppb increase in NO2 at student’s address was associated with 0.02 μmol/mol creatinine increase in urinary 1-OHP. Conclusion: Mongolian children’s urinary 1-OHP levels were significantly elevated during cold seasons, and for those living in ger areas or in ger or brick houses in Ulaanbaatar. Urinary 1-OHP levels were associated with air pollutants from fuel use in Ulaanbaatar. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/60549 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 |
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