3C電子代工業跨國移動之研究 —以芬蘭Ｓ公司為例

Abstract

以3C產品為例，在產品生命週期逐漸縮短的趨勢下，一個具有競爭優勢的代工廠商，其能力主要建構於高效能的產品開發速度與競爭能力，以滿足客戶面對高度競爭市場的代工需求。 除了探討3C電子代工業的發展與國際化行為、跨國進入模式與市場進入策略之外，並從生產基地選擇與目標市場分析的角度來研究個案公司的跨國移動策略，進而提出研究結論與後續研究建議。 本研究發現3C代工業跨國移動之必然性與進入模式的轉變，在全球化趨勢的發展下，許多跨國企業把各種產品及零組件的製造移到世界上生產成本最低的地方生產，其目的除了降低生產成本、拓展市場與增加銷售之外，亦帶動世界貿易及國際投資的大幅成長。 跨國移動由過去的追隨客戶演變為主動佈局吸引客戶。隨著產品與服務在地化的概念愈來愈受重視，企業在拓展海外版圖時亦同時明白全球化不再是偏向利用一國的低廉成本，將產品輸出到另一國，而是貼近當地市場需求，直接在當地製造，以便快速進入市場。因此代工業者的跨國移動，亦由過去的追隨客戶需求，降低生產成本，逐漸轉變為主動的鎖定新興發展市場事先設立據點，以吸引客戶訂單。 政府的經濟與產業政策對製造業與代工業者的跨國或區域性移動策略的制定產生直接的影響。相較於已開發國家較為完整的公共建設與法令制度，開發中國家的政府提供的各項優惠的租稅、土地、人力政策以達到吸引外人直接投資的目的。

3C product as an example, the trend of reduced product cycle will force outsourcing corporations focus on developing high preforming products. These capabilities will ensure that the competitive advantage of outsourcing functions. This research will form an opinion by focusing on discussing the outsourcing trend and internationalization of 3C products in order to identify strategy of the selection of production base and the approach of market entry. This study finds the inevitability and the changes of the entry mode of 3C industry, under the trend of Globalization, Many multinational companies move all kinds of products and components to the lowest cost continents in the world, the purpose is expected to reduce the production costs, expand the market segments and increase sales, also led to substantial growth in worldwide trading and international investment. The 3C industry international moving evolved from the past to follow the initiative of customers to attracting the customer to follow. More and more attention is paid to the concept of products and services. Companies in the development of overseas territory also understand that globalization is no longer as only low cost option in one country and ship the product to another country, close to the local market requirement which could directly manufacturing in land which leads to quickly enter the market. So the multinational moving from the past to follow customer needs, Reduce production cost, Gradually shift the initiative to lock up the emerging development market in advance to set up a stronghold, to attract customer orders. The government's economic and industrial policies have a direct impact on the development of the multinational or regional moving strategy of the manufacturing industries, Compared to the developed countries with a more complete public construction and legal system, The developing countries provide preferential tax, land and manpower policy in order to achieve the purpose of attracting foreign direct investment.