從建構論探討兩蔣時代政治統治正當性的建構

Abstract

成王敗寇，一向是中國歷史上的權力廝殺過後的潛規則！來自中國的蔣介石父子，亦是周旋於此遊戲規則，即使戰敗來台灣，仍包裝為正義的王師，塑造自己是孫中山的追隨者，承襲中國正統王朝的救世主、偉人，神格化自我的地位，以樹立威權。 中華民國係孫中山創建，與國民黨淵源深厚，立國以來即是以黨領政，黨國不分的情況屢見不鮮，於是，黨歌變國歌，黨旗成為國旗的重要元素，這樣的文化，孕育出「法統」的論述，從「制度面向」的憲法、「民族面向」的道統 ，如中華文化與生活方式、「思想面向」的儒家思想，到「信仰面向」的「三民主義」，皆由統治集團詮釋與操作，其結果就是威權統治、獨裁。 本論文，從國民黨的「侍從媒體」社論與報導，解析兩蔣在台灣執政時期，是如何建構權力、認同與意識形態，無所不包的，以各種論述，維護其政治統治正當性，讓人民相信，統治者的利益，就是人民的利益。種種以鞏固權力為出發點的作為，經過解構後，讓人們看清，統治者的真面目，原來不是為國家大義，而是為了自己的權力。

One of many figures across Chinese history who sought to seize power in a winner-takes-all system, Chiang Kai-shek lost his bid for ultimate control, but arrived in Taiwan claiming to be a righteous ruler rather than admit defeat. Chiang styled himself a follower of Sun Yat-sen and the inheritor of the mantle of Chinese dynastic authority, a process of self-deification used to consolidate his own authoritarian power. Founded by Sun Yat-sen, the Republic of China retained a close relationship with the Kuomintang (KMT), which from the beginning was the state’s ruling party. The often-blurred line between the KMT and the ROC gave way to a direct appropriation of cultural symbols, under which the party anthem became the national anthem and the party flag the national flag, a process which later inspired the theory of “legitimate authority.” In this research Chiang Kai-shek, his son, and those who supported them deployed the Republic of China constitution alongside Confucian thought, the so-called Confucian cultural orthodoxy embodied in the lifestyle of the “Chinese ethnic group,” and the belief system embodied in the Three Principles of the People in order to justify their rule,which resulted in the authoritarian dictatorship in Taiwan. This thesis analyzes the rule of Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo over Taiwan through the “servile media” which helped them establish political control, social approval, state ideology, and every other aspect of their rule. This media deployed rhetoric to prop up their legitimacy and to convince the people that the rulers’ interests were their own. By analyzing the many ways in which this fabricated consciousness enabled and encouraged authoritarian rule, I hope to provide a clearer picture of these political figures, who fought for personal gain rather than their nation.