工作因子與疲勞之相關性研究

Abstract

前言: 工作相關壓力近年來在台灣的盛行率逐漸上升。過去有許多文獻探討工作壓力與健康之間的關係，例如憂鬱、焦慮、以及冠狀動脈疾病等等。疲勞(Burnout)，是一種情緒上精疲力竭的狀態，卻較少獲得重視與討論。本研究將針對工作相關因子與疲勞之關聯性進行探討。 方法: 以橫斷研究方式收集1560位於臺北市某醫學中心接受定期健康檢查之全職工作者，年紀為20~65歲。資料來源為體位測量、健康習慣、工作相關因子、睡眠困擾自我評估問卷、哥本哈根疲勞問卷等。將受試者人數根據疲勞分數的高低分布，區分為三組，進行多變項統計分析。 結果: 疲勞分數0~25為下三分之一疲勞組共431位，25~37.5為中三分之一疲勞組共511位，37.5~100為上三分之一疲勞組共618位。年齡小於50歲、女性與疲勞有顯著相關。工作相關因子中，工時較長與疲勞程度顯著相關並呈現劑量效應(dose-response relationship)。在上三分之一疲勞組之工作者中，每週工作40-60小時與超過60小時之工作者相較於小於40小時者分別呈現1.58及2.29倍疲勞的風險。工時較長與疲勞之間的關聯性在年齡小於50歲、男性與國內工作者較為顯著。另外不論是中或上三分之一疲勞者，失眠嚴重度皆與疲勞呈現顯著相關。 結論:本研究發現工時較長與疲勞相關，並呈現劑量效應。此相關性在每週工時40小時以上即存在，隨著工時增長到60小時以上相關性更為顯著。本研究結果可以做為工作時數制定之參考，每週工時宜控制於40小時以下。睡眠、疲勞與工作壓力造成之健康問題，值得進一步研究。

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of stress at work in Taiwan is increasing in recent years. A great deal of research has confirmed the relationship of work stress and some health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, and coronary heart disease. As a status of emotional exhaustion, burnout may be an alarming prodrome of mental illness. The correlation of job conditions and burnout was less studied in the literature. The aim of the study is to examine the correlation of job conditions, for example, long working hours and burnout. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey in 1560 full-time employees, aged 20 to 65 years old, who underwent periodic health examination at a hospital in Taipei was carried out in 2013. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Lifestyle habit, job conditions, burnout and severity of insomnia were collected from questionnaires. Subjects were divided into three tertiles according to burnout score. RESULTS: The lower tertile of burnout group (range, 0–<25) consisted of 431 subjects, while the middle tertile of burnout group (range, 25–<37.5) consisted of 511 and the upper tertile of burnout group (range, 37.5–100) consisted of 618 subjects. Age younger than 50 years old, female employees were correlated with both burnout levels. Among the job conditions, weekly working hours was significantly correlated with high burnout level in a dose-dependent manner. The OR was 1.58 and 2.29 (p<0.01) for weekly working hours among 40 to 60hours and over 60 hours, respectively. Long working hours was more significantly associated with upper tertile of burnout level in age younger than 50 years old, male and domestic employees. The severity of insomnia was significantly correlated with burnout in each burnout levels. CONCLUSIONS: Long working hours is correlated with high burnout level in a dose-response manner. This association exists when weekly working hour over 40 and even stronger when over 60 hours. Our finding may have potential implication for occupation control policy that standard weekly working hours under 40 may be considered.