中國、美國及歐盟光伏產業及相關反傾銷案件的經濟因素分析

Abstract

本文主要的研究對象為中國、美國及歐盟的太陽能光伏製造產業。 2011年及2012年，美國和歐盟分別對來自中國的光伏產品發起反傾銷及反補貼調查，美國案件以課稅為結果，而歐盟案件卻以價格具結為結果。本文從產業發展、市場發展、及相關政策三個角度分別對中國、美國及歐盟的光伏製造產業進行了研究，嘗試通過歐盟及美國光伏產業的經濟特性差異來解釋為何美國及歐盟廠商會發起這兩起雙反申訴，同時試圖從經濟因素的角度來解釋為何兩起雙反案件針對的目標產品幾乎相同，但案件的結果卻不盡相同。本文根據前人的相關理論研究，針對這兩起雙反案件提出了八個命題，從美國及歐盟光伏產業的產量增長率、產能增長率、產能利用率、來自中國的光伏產品進口增長率及市佔率、與中國之間的貿易差額、對中國的出口依賴程度、產業內員工數量等經濟因素以及法規差異的角度，證實了兩案的發起以及最終得到不同結果這一現象，與這八個命題相符合，也即一定程度上揭示了這兩起雙反案件背後的經濟原因。

This thesis mainly focuses on the photovoltaic(PV) manufacturing industry of China, the United States and the European Union. In 2011 and 2012, the PV manufacturers in US and EU successively filed two antidumping petitions against the photovoltaic products from China. The US case ended with an imposition of anti-dumping duties, while the EU case ended with a price undertaking agreement between the EU authority and Chinese exproters. This thesis studies the PV industry of China, the United States and the European Union, focusing on three aspects: industrial development, market development and related government policies. The economic determinants of the filing of these two anti-dumping cases, and the reasons why they led to different outcomes are explored. Eight propositions are proposed based on the previous researche work. Economic indicators of the PV industry and macroeconomic conditions, along with the differences of anti-dumping policies in US and EU, are used to verify the propositions. All propositions are substantiated.