《蘋果日報》攝影記者的工作規訓和新聞產製

Abstract

長久以來，報社對於文字的重視普遍重於新聞照片，連帶地攝影記者在報社內也是地位不如文字記者。然而，2003年進軍臺灣的《蘋果日報》卻帶起了臺灣報業提高版面上新聞照片、圖像數量的風潮，有的報社甚至調整內部的照片處理機制。在此情況下，《蘋果日報》的攝影記者和攝影主管在報社內所掌握的權力為何？他們受到的規訓又為何？本研究採用深度訪談法及參與觀察法，一共訪談五位《蘋果日報》的攝影主管、四位攝影記者，並參與觀察其中三名攝影記者。研究發現，相較於同業，《蘋果日報》的確給社內攝影主管較多發言權，但是那只是建議權而非決定權。而攝影記者對新聞照片的自主權只能在報紙後面版次的新聞上得到彰顯，頭版和重要新聞的照片的主控權仍掌握在報社高層。另外，《蘋果日報》的高薪和頭銜政策使得攝影記者的工作量雖然重、壓力也大，但仍有一定程度的工作成就感。

Compared to the value of news articles, the value of news photos have been underestimated for a long time in Taiwan. Similarly, photojournalists have been inferiors to journalists in status. However, in 2003, Apple Daily Newspaper, owned by a Hong-Kong media firm, entered the newspaper market in Taiwan. It set a trend toward putting more photos on newspaper layouts since then. Therefore, how much “power” do the photo supervisors and photojournalists of Apple Daily have? How is the discipline imposed on them? The research methods are in-depth interview and participant observation. The author interviewed five photo supervisors and four photojournalists of the Apple Daily, and does the participant observation to three photojournalists among the four. The research finds out that photo supervisors do have more opportunities to express their opinion in contrast to their counterparts of other newspaper, but they can only provide their opinion, not making a decision. For photojournalists, there are more possibilities for them to decide what photos to shoot and which photo to use, but as for front page and important news, the chance is slender. Furthermore, although photojournalists and their supervisors have heavy workloads and pressure of work, they enjoy sense of achievement from their work because of the better job titles and higher salary that Apple Daily offers.