長承本《蒙求》漢字音研究

Abstract

長承本《蒙求》為流傳於日本的古抄寫本，內容抄錄《蒙求》正文並記有訓點資料，因卷末註記「長承三年」，代表訓點資料添寫完成的年代，故以長承本《蒙求》稱之。卷中由漢字與訓點資料對應而成的漢字音被視為日本漢音典型的傳承，而日本漢音與唐代長安方音關係密切。本文以此卷作為研究材料，探討文本性質與漢字音所反映的音韻現象，共分為七個章節。 第一章為緒論，說明《蒙求》的來歷、流傳情形與前人研究的成果。第二章探討書寫情形，從而得知添寫訓點資料者審音意識薄弱，不過若仔細比對漢字與訓點資料之間的對應，便不影響漢字音的準確性。第三章介紹現代日語的音韻體系與音節結構，並說明日語在上代與平安時代曾發生的音韻變化，特別關注日、漢語音節結構的比較以及假名表記的音節結構。第四、五章整理漢字音與中古漢語聲母、韻母的對當關係，從中觀察漢語音韻現象的反映並分析之。第六章整理聲點與中古漢語聲調的對當關係，認為長承本為六聲體系並分析其所反映的聲調現象。第七章為結論，總結本文的研究成果，並且反省本文不足之處與思考未來相關的研究方向。

Chang-Cheng, a version of Meng-Qiu, is an ancient hand-written copy circulated in Japan, and the original text of Meng-Qiu was copied out with Xnu-dian. Due to “Chang-Cheng” was annotated at the end of the book to signify the year of completing Xnu-dian, it is called The version of Chang-Cheng Meng-Qiu. In the book, pronunciations of Japanese Kanji are regarded as the typical inheritance of Chinese characters’ pronunciation in Japan, which is closely associated with Tang Dynasty Chang-An Dialect. As a result, this paper adopted this book as the research material. By dividing it into seven chapters, it probed into the property of the text and the tone phenomenon reflected by pronunciations of Japanese Kanji. The first chapter is introduction, which illustrates Meng-Qiu’s origin, circulation condition, and the previous research results. Chapter 2 discusses the copy issues and perceives that theXnu-dian examiner had weak tone consciousness. Nevertheless, after carefully comparing the correspondence of Chinese characters and katakana signifiers, it is found that such weak consciousness does not have great influence on the accurate pronunciations of Japanese Kanji. Then, Chapter 3 introduces the phonetic system and syllable structure of modern Japanese, and explains changes of the tones in the last generation and Heian Era in Japan, particularly focusing on comparison of Japanese and Chinese character syllables, and analysis of the syllable structure of katakana signifiers. As for Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, it organizes the corresponding relationship of vowels and consonants of pronunciations of Japanese Kanji and middle Chinese, from which it observes the Chinese tone phenomenon for further analysis. Chapter 6 continues to organize the corresponding relationship of tone (voice) points and middle Chinese tones, holding that the version of Chang-Cheng belongs to six-tone system and analyzing the tone phenomenon that the system reflects. Lastly, Chapter 7 is the conclusion, summarizing the research results of this paper, the comments on the previous research outcomes, and reviews the insufficiency of this paper for considerations on the related research directions in the future.