目標導向教學對普通物理實驗學習影響之探討

Abstract

普通物理學實驗教學以教學者為中心出發，以往的教學模式下，教學者皆強調大量的原理解說與操作解說，使學生認為普通物理學實驗只是按表操課的必修課程，無法獲得較為實質科學探索能力。故教學者的教學目標是導致學生最後走向的關鍵，透過教學者於科學態度上的強調與培養，使學生能獲得原理知識與儀器操作外的技能。然而，傳統的普通物理實驗教學方式有辦法達到此目標嗎? 本研究以台灣大學的習修普通物理學實驗課程之學生為研究樣本，以教學者為中心出發，透過目標導向教學，了解教學者的教學目標是否會明確的影響學生所學習到的能力是本研究的重點。此外，為了提升教學品質以及學生的學習成效，開發新的教學工具:學習單以及實驗原理預習影片。由於本研究者同時身為教學者，因此研究的方式較為接近行動研究。透過直接參與研究過程，更能了解其教學者與學生的想法。 本研究最後得到，教學者的教學目標確實會造成學生於課程中能力進步的差異性。此外，透過教學工具，可以使實驗教學進行改革，以原理講解影片來協助學生預習，以學習單來刺激學生學習動機，以及培養正確的探索科學方法，進而建構出一個以實驗探索為目標的普通物理實驗教學流程。

General physics experiment teaching depends on the teacher. Most teachers focus on physics principle and instrumental operation so that students feel the general physics experiment course is boring and useless. They think they can’t improve any ability of science research. Thus, a teaching goal of a teacher is the key point of leading student development. By teacher emphasizing the aptitude and process of science research and during the course, student can improve other useful abilities instead of only physics principle and instrumental operation. However, could we reach the goal through traditional teaching in general physics experiment? In this study, we choose the students who take the general physics experiment course in NTU as sample. Through the goal-orientation teaching, we want to know whether the teaching goals effect on student’s improvement or not. This is a key point in this study. What’s more, for improving teaching quality and learning outcome of student, we develop the new teaching tools: worksheets and course preview videos. Due to the researcher also being a teacher, this study is just like a action research. Trough participating in teaching, the researcher can much more realize the thought of teachers and students. Finally, we find that different teaching goals in the course actually lead to different ability improvement of students in this study. And, we can reform the general physics experiment teaching by new teaching tools. We use course preview videos to help student preview the course. And then, we use worksheets stimulating academic motivation to culture a correct science research method. Eventually, we can structure a general physics experiment teaching process of experiment research orientation.