主動控制2kW小型風力發電機組設計與分析之研究

Abstract

小型風力發電機基於成本考量，大多採用無控制設計或局部控制的方式，但兩者的發電性能表現上都有許多待改善空間，以提高發電效率，本研究旨在發展主動控制2kW小型風力發電機組設計及分析，以改善小型風力發電機的發電性能。 首先針對2kW小型風力發電機組設計葉片主動控制驅動系統，並整合空氣動力、風機機組動態、風機次系統及控制系統等，以ADAMS動態模擬軟體建構全機組動態模擬，並結合以FAST發展之風機氣動力(Aerodynamic Analysis)分析以及以MATLAB/SIMULINK發展之次系統及閉迴路控制系統分析，可進行風力機組於不同風速等操作條件下之動態行為分析。次系統部分，以MATLAB/ SIMULINK發展永磁同步發電機控制系統、變旋角(pitch angle)控制系統與變轉速控制系統，進行閉迴路模擬，並整合控制策略與控制理論，實現2kW小型風機當運轉於額定風速之下，利用變轉速控制系統，追蹤最佳尖速比 對應的轉速，達到最大功率的輸出。當風機運轉在額定風速之上，啟動直流伺服馬達驅動變旋角控制系統，調節葉片的旋角使風機維持額定轉速，並保持額定功率的輸出，實現主動控制2kW小型風力發電系統。

Most of the small wind turbines are designed with no control or passive control due to the cost consideration. However, both of the two types still have to be improved in terms of the electric generation performance. Thus, the objective of the paper is to improve the electric generation performance and develop an active-controlled 2kW small wind turbine. First, the study is to develop the co-simulation analysis of aerodynamics, mechanism dynamics and control system dynamics for the active-controlled 2kW small wind turbine. Three softwares, including FAST, ADAMS, and MATLAB/SIMULINK, are used for aerodynamic, mechanism dynamic and control system dynamic simulation. The dynamic variations of blades, power transmission system, generator and tower can be analyzed under different input of wind. The closed-loop simulation of the directly-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator, the variable-pitch control and the variable-speed control can be performed by MATLAB/ SIMULINK. By integrating the control strategy and theory, we can realize the maximum power output by tracking the speed that the tip-speed ratio corresponding to under the rated wind speed. While the wind speed is above the rated wind speed, the DC servo motor-driving variable-pitch control system starts to perform. To keep constant rated rotor speed and rated power output, the pitch angle can be adjusted by the pitch control system. Finally, the system of the active-controlled 2kW small wind turbine can be achieved.