外籍空服員的運用對工會議價能力影響的探討—以華航為例

Abstract

在全球化與跨國企業、廉價航空崛起競爭的前提下，傳統國際航空公司爲了提高營運績效與全球競爭力，除了策略聯盟、採購新型省油客機外，外籍員工的採用也成為提高競爭力與降低成本的重要手段之一。航空公司在外籍空服員雇用的政策下，除了原本採用外勞的「互補性」與「替代性」外，也多了另一項效果：由於外籍空服員勞動契約的特殊性而無法加入工會，在工會進行爭議行為時，資方可以有效維持最低運能，甚至破壞工會團結，大幅降低工會與勞工的「議價能力」。本研究主題針對台灣之航空公司外籍空服員的運用，以華航為例，採用質性的深度訪談法進行研究，分別針對華航現職空服員、管理階層、工會幹部以及政府官員設計訪談題組，利用勞動經濟學的內部勞動力市場與勞動力市場分割理論，解讀航空公司在罷工爭議行為頻仍的情況下，充分運用僱傭外籍空服員的方式，降低罷工行動的傷害，造成空服員與工會的議價能力下降，甚至影響空服員的心理感受，使之對工作覺得不安而影響工會團結與參與度，並探討外籍空服員對於工會議價能力的影響，同時呈現航空公司製造勞動力市場分割的實質目的。

Under the premise of globalization, multinational companies and the rise of low-cost airlines to compete, traditional international airlines, in order to improve operational performance and global competitiveness, in addition to strategic alliances and purchasing new fuel-efficient airliners, the adoption of foreign employees has also become a way to improve competitiveness and reduce costs. One of the important means of In addition to the “complementarity” and “substitution” of foreign cabin crews, the airline’s policy of hiring foreign cabin crews has another effect: they cannot join when unions conduct controversial behaviors, due to the particularity of the contract for foreign cabin crews, the employers can effectively maintain minimum transport capacity, even undermine union unity, and greatly reduce the 'bargaining power' of unions. This research topic is aimed at the use of foreign cabin crews in Taiwan's airlines. Taking China Airlines as a case, author use in-depth interviews to conduct research. Interview questions are designed for current cabin crews, supervisor, union cadres and government officials. Using the internal labor market theory and labor market segmentation theory, to interpret that airlines make the use of foreign cabin crews in the case of frequent strike disputes to reduce the operating loss of strike and cause damage to unions. The decline in bargaining power even affects the psychological feelings of cabin crews, making them feel uneasy about work and affecting union unity and participation. Also discussing the impact of foreign cabin crews on the ability of unions to bargaining, and presenting the essence purpose of airlines' to making the labor market segmentation.