模擬分析微透鏡陣列對積體成像的影響及設計新型虛擬車用抬頭顯示器

Abstract

近年來，3D (three-dimensional) 技術是很熱門的研究，而3D影像和3D投影皆是其中主要的研究主題。在3D影像方面，積體成像技術是被受期待的方法之ㄧ，在積體成像之光學系統中，包含了各種透鏡及感光元件等，其中，扮演關鍵核心的就是微透鏡陣列，微透鏡陣列能夠擷取外界光線的光場資訊，再儲存至感光元件中，經過後端運算及處理後，就能得到不同景深的3D影像。另一方面，目前有許多技術能實現3D投影，但多數需要屏幕，如水幕或水霧等，而無屏幕的3D投影技術在應用上是非常多元的，例如3D的車用抬頭顯示器等，是非常前瞻並具有挑戰性的研究主題。在本論文中，我們利用光學模擬軟體LightTools來做各種分析及模擬；在積體成像的研究中，我們模擬並擷取物體透過微透鏡陣列後的光場資訊，並重建影像，另外，由於透鏡的色散會影響影像的重建，因此我們設計出對紅藍綠三種波長不色散的特殊微透鏡陣列並模擬其成像結果，在實驗及量測上，我們設計結合三種波長的相位型菲涅耳波帶片，並對其分析討論；而在3D投影應用在車用抬頭顯示器的研究上，我們透過模擬一種非常簡易的3D投影系統：海市蜃樓器 (Mirage) ，來分析其光學特性，並設計及最佳化可能的無屏幕車用抬頭顯示器。在設計新光學系統中，因為能事先利用光學模擬軟體LightTools進行分析及模擬，讓我們除了可以預先判斷其成效外，也能夠減低製造成本。

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) technologies are popular research topics, especially the issues of 3D imaging and 3D projection. With regards to 3D imaging, integral imaging has been considered one of the most prominent autostereoscopic techniques. The optical system of integral imaging is composed of a microlens array and a photosensor. The microlens array is the key element for capturing the 3D information, which is used to encode the angular information into the photosensor. The 3D information can be applied to image processing, such as depth reconstruction and digital refocusing. To analyze the elemental image through the microlens array in this research work, the optical system was simulated using LightTools, an optical simulation software tool. Moreover, new types of microlens arrays were designed, including achromatic microlens on different wavelength. The simulation results and the reconstructed images are discussed in this thesis. On the other hand, there are many methods to realize 3D projection. However, most of them require screens; and 3D projection without screens is challenging. In this research work, the technique of using. 3D projection in automobile head-up display (HUD) was studied. A 3D projection system called Mirage was used to design the new type of HUD. Through the analysis and simulations using LightTools, the HUD-Mirage is proposed in this thesis. The simulation using LightTools is helpful for analyzing the feasibility of the design ideas. In additions, it can reduce the fabrication budget and time.