程式大廚：運用具象化設計給國小學童的程式環境工具

Abstract

當今有許多專注在程式基本組成的語法或語意具象化的程式環境是給小朋友的。然而很少有專攻在運算思維的具象化，讓小朋友可以對不同的運算思維，撇除其抽象的負擔來學習。 本論文提出一種運算思維具象化的程式環境，把不同的運算思維，像是序列、迴圈、清單、函數等觀念，與日常生活的物品做結合。以此為基礎，我們創作出一款「程式大廚」的遊戲，來幫助國小孩童在創作程式的過程中，學習與體驗這些運算思維的意涵。我們舉辦了工作坊，邀請了五位具有國小孩童程式教學經驗的老師，藉由他們的反饋來改善我們現有的設計，並探索這套工具未來應用在實際教學現場的可能性。從結果來說，我們這套還面臨不少的挑戰，經對談中了解到要把運算思維具象化，對於學童學習的重要性，以及運算思維具象化的程式環境在設計課程上的指引。

Nowadays, there are many programming environments for kids, which emphasize the concreteness for either syntax or semantics about the basic parts of programming languages. However, there are few environments focusing on the concreteness for computational concepts. In this paper, we propose an approach, Concrete Computational Concepts Programming Environments (3CPEs), which concretize computational concepts (e.g. sequences, loops, lists, function) by mapping them to daily objects. We created a programming game, CT Chef, to help elementary school students learn and experience the programming concepts while creating their own programs. Then, we held one kind of workshop with five computer science teachers who have experience in teaching elementary school students to help us refine the design of the game and explore its possibility. The results show the challenges, the importance of concretizing computational concepts, and the design approaches of 3CPE as a guided tool in CS educational practices.