王世貞及其弇山園書寫研究

Abstract

本論文以王世貞（1526-1590）的弇山園書寫為論述題材，以世貞的弇山園園居經驗為觀察角度，檢視世貞的園居生活與生命歷程，特別是他在明嘉靖三十九年（1560）父親王忬逝世，「家難」發生後以迄終老的人生歲月。首先，本文追溯世貞始建園林的心路歷程，討論在「家難」背景之下，園居生活對世貞的生命意義。鑒於弇山園已無可供調查的實物遺跡，本文從世貞的文字記錄與書信往來之中，還原弇山園的地理環境與建園歷程。接著，本文聯繫弇山園與太倉地區人文地理傳統的關係，並透過園林美學的概念與分析工具，理解弇山園在空間布局、景觀營造上的特色。而在確定弇山園的空間狀態後，本文探討世貞寄予園居生活的想像與相應實踐。透過社會文化史的視角，本文亦觀察弇山園在世貞社交生活中扮演的角色。本文追索世貞將園林定名「弇山」的神話脈絡，援引法國學者米歇爾．傅柯「差異地點」（heterotopia）的概念，指出世貞賦予園林空間的整體期待。最後，本文討論世貞對園林幻化命運的體認，分析世貞以文辭之業積極因應園林幻化問題的理念。透過園林視角的介入，本文期待在既有的政治與文學理論的視角之外，開發一個更貼近人物心態、歷史時空的生命史論述。

This study explores the life of Wang Shih-chen (1526-1590) and his writings on the Yanshan Park. Of particular interest is the significance of Yanshan Park in Wang’s life after the “familial tragedy,” the execution of Wang’s father, in 1560. This study is designed in four parts. Firstly, this study traces the advent of the Yanshan Park, its environmental condition and building history. Secondly, the layout and design of the Park is reconstructed. The geographical features in Taicang region provides an inspiring context for understanding the remarkable architectural achievements of the Park. Third, Wang’s interaction with the Park is discussed, including Wang’s fascination towards the Park and his sociological activities in the Park. Lastly, this study illustrates the meaning behind the name “Yanshan,” supplemented with the idea of heterotopia by Michel Foucault (1926-1984). Also, Wang’s attitude and solution towards the unavoidable ruinage of the Park are elucidated. In conclusion, unlike present literary-criticism or historical researches, this study incorporates the development of the Yanshan Park with the life of Wang Shih-chen, in order to acquire a clearer and meticulous account of Wang’s biography.