四個離島地區觀光發展階段暨觀光衝擊之研究

Abstract

觀光發展在臺灣已受到廣泛重視。然而，觀光衝擊也隨著觀光發展而產生。本研究採用旅遊地區生命週期理論來探討澎湖、小琉球、綠島和蘭嶼四個研究地點在不同觀光發展階段下的觀光衝擊以及社區生活品質。首先，利用個觀光客人數及居民人數可以幫助判定觀光發展階段。此外，為了加強研究的信度，研究者採取德菲爾法了解各研究地點的觀光衝擊。除了採用德菲爾法之外，本研究也採取網路問卷以調查居民與遊客對於觀光衝擊以及社區生活品質的看法。研究結果顯示經濟、社會文化與環境衝擊最為明顯也最容易受到不同觀光發展階段而改變。另外，二手資料判讀與德菲爾法對於觀光發展階段的判定較不一致，兩者結果互有出入。因此，本研究針對觀光衝擊與觀光發展階段有較全面的分析，可以促進較有效的經營管理和決策。

Tourism development in Taiwan has been widely discussed in tourism research. As tourism rapidly develops, concomitant tourism impacts occur. This thesis aims to investigate tourism impacts and community QOL across different stages of development in terms of TALC model to four offshore islands—Penghu, Little Liuqiu, Green Island, and Orchid Island. The number of tourists and residential populations help to further designate the stages. In addition, to ensure the credibility, Delphi method is also applied, thereby reassuring tourism impact on those four islands. Apart from Delphi, another survey was conducted for both residents and tourists to investigate tourism impacts and community QOL. The results indicated that those impacts regarding economy, environment and services would be the most explicit and changeable, subject to tourism development. Next, tourism development stages by no means correspond to Delphi and secondary data analysis. As a result, comprehensive studies of tourism impacts and tourism development analyzed by this thesis can substantially facilitate successful management and effective decision making.