光彈技術於大地工程模型試驗應用之初探

Abstract

在二十世紀，光彈性現像是由蘇格蘭物理學家戴維·布魯斯特（David Brewster）發現的。在合作中Coker和L.N.G. Filon，開發了許多實驗框架。隨著時間的流逝，這項技術和所使用的設備變得更加簡單和完善。自從它成為定性和定量應力分析的可行技術以來，它已經在包括土木工程和子專業在內的多種工業應用中得到了廣泛的應用。 在岩土工程領域，光彈性技術已用於對顆粒材料中的力進行定性和定量測量。這可以通過在兩個偏振濾鏡之間放置透明的雙折射聚合物來實現，從而使該材料根據所施加的應力量旋轉偏振光。在單個平面上使用該聚合物的多個樣本，可以模擬不同種類的顆粒材料。 使用光彈性技術可以進行廣泛的定性和定量分析。這項研究的目的是確定能夠提供最高精度結果的實驗裝置，以建立光彈性實驗，從而研究兩種顆粒材料在單軸載荷下的宏觀和微觀行為。

In the twentieth century, the photoelastic phenomenon was discovered by the Scottish physicist David Brewster. In collaboration E.G. Coker and L.N.G. Filon, many experimental frameworks were developed. As time went by, this technique and the equipment used, became simpler and more refine. Since it became a viable technique for qualitative and quantitative stress analysis, it was able to find a widespread use in several industrial applications, including civil engineering and subspecialties. In the geotechnical engineering field, photoelastic technique has been used to make both qualitative and quantitative measurements of forces within granular materials. This can be achieved by placing a transparent, birefringent polymer between two polarizing filters, so that the material rotates the polarized light according to the amount of stress to which it is been submitted. Using several specimens of this polymer in a single plane, it is possible to simulate different kinds of granular materials. There is a wide range of qualitative and quantitative analysis that can be done using the photoelastic technique. The aim of this research is to determine the experimental setup that can provide results with the highest accuracy in order to build a photoelastic experiment that can study the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of two granular materials when they are submitted to uniaxial loadings.