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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/49109完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 鄭光成(Kuan-Chen Cheng) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hung-Yuen Chen | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳宏岳 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T11:16:14Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-06 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2021-03-04 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2021-02-06 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/49109 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 銀杏為全世界常用且廣泛應用及研究的中藥材，其萃取物中主要成分為類黃酮和萜類，具抗氧化、清除游離自由基等能力，廣泛應用於治療冠狀動脈硬化及阿茲海默症等臨床疾病。然而銀杏萃取過程常伴隨有毒性物質，其中以銀杏酸為主，銀杏酸具有嚴重過敏性與毒性，於德國 Commission E規定，銀杏相關產品中銀杏酸驗出量不得高於5 ppm。目前移除銀杏酸的方式主要有三種方法，相較於有機溶劑分離及奈米粒子吸附，酵素降解法對於環境較為友善，但因酵素提取不易且多為水溶性，造成成本高昂、回收不易通常為單次使用等缺點，因此難以實際應用於產業界。本研究將利用酵素固定化的方式，固定漆酶於利用靜電紡絲技術所製成的尼龍載體上，進行銀杏酸的降解反應。靜電紡絲技術成功製備納米碳管和尼龍6,6混合製成的奈米纖維膜，固定在此載體上的漆酶活性較尼龍6,6顆粒高，且漆酶的pH和溫度穩定性得到顯著改善。並且於儲存40天或重複使用10次後仍保持相對活性50％以上。結果成功證明使用奈米纖維膜作為酶固定平台可以顯著提高酶的活性和穩定性。進一步開發使用響應表面方法及同軸靜電噴灑方法，以製備Fe3O4 /尼龍6,6複合納米顆粒，其平均直徑為376 ± 102 nm，並可藉由磁力簡單地回收。固定在複合載體的漆酶量約為60 mg / g。結果顯示漆酶固定後於反應溫度60–90°C範圍內，其熱穩定性得到了顯著改善。此外，固定在複合載體的漆酶在儲存21天或重複使用5個循環後，相對活性仍具有50%，顯示出良好的儲存穩定性和可重複使用性，並且仍具有降解銀杏酸能力。因此以同軸靜電噴灑製備之高性能固定化納米載體具有應用於酵素固定化的潛力。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Ginkgo biloba is a common Chinese medicinal material that is widely used and researched all over the world. The main extracted ingredients are flavonoids and terpenes, which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. G. biloba extract is widely used in the treatment of coronary atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, and other clinical diseases. However, the extraction process of G. biloba is often accompanied by the production of toxic by-products. Ginkgolic acid is one of the main toxic components among G. biloba extract, and it is severely allergenic and poisonous. According to German Commission E regulations, the content of ginkgolic acid in G. biloba related products must be less than 5 ppm. At present, there are three main ways removing ginkgolic acid. Compared to organic solvent separation and nanoparticle adsorption, enzyme degradation is more environmentally friendly. However, enzymes are difficult to extract and are mostly water-soluble; furthermore, they are expensive and difficult to recycle. Due to the expensive and disposable nature of enzymes, enzyme degradation is rarely used in industrial application. Novel electrospinning technology successfully produced high-quality nanoscopic fiber mats composed of a mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotube and nylon 6,6. Laccase immobilized onto the NFMs exhibited a much higher level of efficiency in the catalysis of ABTS than nylon 6,6 pellet. After NFMs immobilization, the pH and temperature stability of laccase were significantly improved. The nanofiber mat immobilized laccase could maintain more than 50% of its original activity even after 40-day storage or after 10 operational cycles. The results successfully demonstrated the great potential in using novel electrospun nanofiber mat as an enzyme immobilization platform, which could significantly enhance enzyme activity and stability. Core/shell Fe3O4/nylon 6,6 composite nanoparticles (FNCNs) was further developed by the one-step coaxial electrospraying and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). As results, FNCNs had an average diameter of 376 ± 102 nm and could be recovered easily using magnetic force. The amount of the laccase immobilized on the FNCNs was approximately 60 mg/g FNCNs. As a result, thermal stability of the free laccase was significantly improved in the range of 60–90°C after immobilization. Furthermore, the laccase immobilized on the FNCNs exhibited a relative activity higher than 50% after being stored for 21 days or reused for 5 cycles, showing good storage stability and reusability. Therefore, the high performance immobilization nanocarrier has potential for application in enzyme immobilization. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T11:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-0602202118463400.pdf: 2859034 bytes, checksum: 65fa9d8557f60fa8d08a52bf4a254512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Table of contents 誌謝 i 摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 2.1 Ginkgo biloba 3 2.1.1 The traditional application of G. biloba 4 2.1.2 The medicine research of G. biloba 4 2.1.3 The marketing and patents of G. biloba 7 2.2 Ginkgolic acid 8 2.2.1 Methods for ginkgolic acid degradation 8 2.2.2 Enzymic degradation of ginkgolic acid 10 2.2.3 Laccase 11 2.3 Enzyme immobilization 13 2.3.1 Materials of carriers 14 2.3.2 Electrospinning 17 2.3.3 Coaxial electrospraying 19 2.3.4 Methods for enzyme immobilization 20 CHAPTER 3. ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION of GINKGOLIC ACID by LACCASE IMMOBILIZED on NOVEL ELECTROSPUNNED NANOFIBER MAT 24 3.1 Abstract 24 3.2 Introduction 25 3.3 Materials and methods 28 3.3.1 Materials 28 3.3.2 Nylon 6,6 nanofiber mats (NFMs) Preparation 28 3.3.3 Laccase Immobilization 28 3.3.4 Morphology Characterization of Laccase Immobilized Systems 29 3.3.5 Measuring of Optimal Reaction Conditions for Immobilized Laccase Activity 30 3.3.6 Measuring of Kinetic Parameters for Laccase Immobilization 30 3.3.7 Determination of Storage Stability and Reusability 30 3.3.8 Extraction of Ginkgolic Acid in G. biloba Leaves 31 3.3.9 Determination of HPLC Analysis for Ginkgolic Acid Degradation ……………………………………………………………..……31 3.3.10 Statistical analysis 31 3.4 Results and Discussion 33 3.4.1 The catalytic efficiency of laccase immobilized on difference carriers…………………………………………………………………… 33 3.4.2 Morphology of laccase immobilized carriers 34 3.4.3 Chemical modification of laccase immobilization 36 3.4.4 Determination of Optimal Conditions for the Laccase Immobilized System 36 3.4.5 Determination of Kinetic Parameters for Laccase Immobilized Systems…………………………………………………………………… 38 3.4.6 Storage Stability and Reusability of the Laccase Immobilized System…………………………………………………………………… 38 3.4.7 Oxidation of Ginkgolic Acid in G. biloba Leaf Extract 41 3.5 Conclusion 41 CHAPTER 4. ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION of GINKGOLIC ACIDS by LACCASE IMMOBILIZED on CORE/SHELL Fe3O4/NYLON COMPOSITE NANOPARTICLES USING NOVEL COAXIAL ELECTROSPRAYING PROCESS 43 4.1 Abstract 43 4.2 Introduction 44 4.3 Experimental Section 49 4.3.1 Materials 49 4.3.2 Optimization of electrospraying conditions for nylon shell nanoparticles 49 4.3.3 Production of FNCNs through coaxial electrospraying 51 4.3.4 Laccase Immobilization 52 4.3.5 Morphology observation 53 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) diagrams of laccase immobilized systems were measured using scanning electron microscope (JSM-6510LV, JEOL., Japan) at an acceleration of 15 kV. Before that, samples were coated with gold sputtering. 53 4.3.6 Structure characterization 53 4.3.7 Determination of optimal reaction conditions for the L-FNGCNs …………………………………………………………… 53 4.3.8 Extraction of ginkgolic acids in G.biloba leaves 54 4.3.9 Determination of HPLC analysis for ginkgolic acid degradation 54 4.3.10 Determination of storage stability and reusability 54 4.3.11 Statistical analysis 55 4.4 Results and Discussion 56 4.4.1 Optimization of conditions for electrospraying nylon shells 56 4.4.2 Morphology of the FNCNs 59 4.4.3 Structure characterization 60 4.4.4 Determination of optimal reaction conditions for the L-FNGCNs …………………………………………………………… 63 4.4.5 Effect of the L-FNGCNs on oxidative degradation of the ginkgolic acids 65 4.4.6 Storage stability and reusability of the L-FNGCNs 68 4.4.7 Oxidation of ginkgolic acid in G. biloba leaf extract. 68 4.5 Conclusions 69 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION and FUTURE PRESPECTIVE 71 REFERENCES 73 List of figures Figure 2. 1 Systematization of G. biloba in Scientific Classification. 4 Figure 2. 2 Structures of flavonoid glycosides in G. biloba. 5 Figure 2. 3 Structures of ginkgolide. 5 Figure 2. 4 Structures of ginkgolic acid. 7 Figure 2. 5 The structure of laccase. 11 Figure 2. 6 The catalytic mechanism of laccase. 13 Figure 2. 7 The enzyme activity of b-glucosidase on different carriers. 14 Figure 2. 8 Schematic diagram of electrospinning. 18 Figure 2. 9 Schematic diagram of coaxial electrospraying. 20 Figure 2. 10 The physic absorption of enzyme immobilization. 21 Figure 2. 11 The covalent bonding of enzyme immobilization. 22 Figure 2. 12 Matrix entrapment of enzyme immobilization. 22 Figure 3. 1 Relative activity of laccase immobilized on nylon pellets and nylon nanofiber mats (NFMs) at 30oC and 50oC.. 34 Figure 3. 2 Surface morphologies of carriers with and without laccase immobilization. 35 Figure 3. 3 The optimum reaction conditions and kinetic parameters of laccase immobilized on NFMs. 37 Figure 3. 4 Storage stability and reusability of laccase immobilized on NFMs. 40 Figure 4. 1 The schematic diagram of the coaxial electrospraying system for the preparation of Fe3O4/nylon composite nanoparticles (FNCNs). 48 Figure 4. 2 Optimization of production conditions for nylon shells through the electrospraying. 57 Figure 4. 3 Morphologies of FNCNs. 59 Figure 4. 4 The chemical modification of FNCNs and L-FNGCNs. 61 Figure 4. 5 Optimal reaction conditions of pH value and temperature for the laccase relative activity of laccase immobilized systems. 64 Figure 4. 6 The storage stability and the reusability of L-FNGCNs. 68 Figure 5. 1 The schematic design of the FNGCNs application. 72 List of tables Table 2. 1 Products of G. biloba leaf extract 6 Table 2. 2 Methods for ginkgolic acid degradation 9 Table 2. 3 Commonly used carriers. 16 Table 2. 4 The application of electrospinning. 17 Table 3. 1 Determination of kinetic parameters of laccase immobilized systems. 39 Table 3. 2. Determination of kinetic parameters of the laccase immobilized on NFMs for the ginkgolic acid enzymatic degradation. 40 Table 4. 1 The experimental results of central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) for the optimization of the smallest particle size of neat nylon nanoparticles by the coaxial electrospraying. 50 Table 4. 2 The response variables for the neat nylon shell nanoparticles size through the shell needle of coaxial electrospraying by analysis of variance (ANOVA). 58 Table 4. 3 Kinetic parameters of laccase immobilized systems for ABTS oxidation. 65 Table 4. 4 Kinetic parameters of L-FNGCNs for the ginkgolic acids degradation in G. biloba leaf extract.. 67 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 靜電噴灑 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 銀杏酸 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 酵素固定化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 漆酶 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 靜電紡絲 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Ginkgolic acid | en |
| dc.subject | Electrospraying | en |
| dc.subject | Electrospinning | en |
| dc.subject | Laccase | en |
| dc.subject | Enzyme immobilization | en |
| dc.title | 建立漆酶固定化系統降解銀杏葉萃取物中銀杏酸 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Immobilization of Laccase for Ginkgolic Acid Degradation in Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 109-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 丁俞文(Yuwen Ting) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 邱致穎(Jhih-Ying Ciou),林詠凱(Yung-Kai Lin),賴盈璋(Ying-Jang Lai),林泓廷(Hong-Ting Lin),張元衍(Yuan-Yen Chang) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 銀杏酸,酵素固定化,漆酶,靜電紡絲,靜電噴灑, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Ginkgolic acid,Enzyme immobilization,Laccase,Electrospinning,Electrospraying, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 84 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202100635 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2021-02-08 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 食品科技研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 食品科技研究所 | |
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