應用虛擬實境技術探討都市環境轉移至自然空間之恢復效益

Abstract

本研究目的為應用虛擬實境設備並結合都市、自然環境來驗證從都市走入自然環境之體驗所提供之人體生心理恢復效益。本研究招募60名年齡介於20-35歲之健康成年人作為受試者，在實驗設計上，所有受試者以隨機的方式分為A和B兩組，並觀看虛擬都市-自然以及虛擬都市-水景環境。虛擬都市影片攝於臺北公館商圈；而虛擬自然影片分為2組，分別攝於北市水域景觀地以及大安森林公園。在實驗設計上，受試者之生、心理指標於實驗前、觀看都市影片後及觀看完自然 (有水或是無水) 環境影片後進行測量。生理指標包含心跳、血壓、心率變異度 (HRV)；心理指標則包含盤斯心情量表 (POMS) 及恢復性組成量表 (RCS)。 研究結果顯示，從都市走入自然有水環境組之受試者，其心跳速率、副交感神經活性 (HF) 和交感神經活性 (LF)、POMS量表之困惑、活力、疲勞、憤怒、緊張和沮喪等6構面皆具有顯著差異；另一方面，從都市走入自然無水環境組，其心跳速率、交感神經活性 (LF)、POMS量表之困惑、活力、疲勞和緊張等4構面具有顯著差異。受試者在體驗自然環境後，其RCS量表之遠離性、延展性、魅力性和相容性等四個構面的分數皆顯著高於都市環境體驗。在有無水景的自然環境對於生心理的比較上，生理指標之結果顯示無顯著差異；而心理指標之結果上，受試者POMS量表之疲勞、憤怒和沮喪等構面於觀看有水自然環境前後之下降量顯著高於無水組，而活力感之上升量顯著高於無水組；而RCS量表各構面之結果則無顯著差異，而此研究結果能提供未來都市自然設計 (Biophilic design) 的參考依據。

This study aims to examine the psychological and physiological benefits of the exposure to artificial natural settings by using virtual reality technology. Sixty adults ranged from 20 to 35 years old were recruited as participants and randomly assigned to either urban-water viewing or urban-greenscape viewing group. The clip of urbanscape was recorded in Gongguan, which included greenspaces and waterscape, were recorded in the Daan Park and some water spaces in Taipei city, respectively. The psychological and physiological responses were measured before, during and after watching the clips. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV) was measured as physiological indices; the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Restorative Components Scale (RCS) was measured as physiological responses. The results showed that, the significant differences among heart rate, parasympathetic nervous system activity, sympathetic nervous system activity, confusion, vigor, fatigue, anger, tension and depression were observed in the group of “urban-waterscape watching”; on the other hand, the results of the group “urban-naturescape watching” reveals the significant differences in sympathetic nervous system activity, confusion, vigor, fatigue, tension. There is no significant difference in the results of physiological indices between “urban-waterscape watching” group and “urban-greenspace watching” group. In contrast, the change in fatigue, anger, depression and vigor between pre- and post- “waterscape watching” were significantly higher than “greenspace watching” group. Finally, there is no significant difference observed in the results of RCS. The results of this research can provide a reference for future urban natural design (Biophilic design).