台灣地區稻米之生命週期評估-以有機農法與慣行農法耕作為例

Abstract

食物為人類維持生命之基本需求，近年來許多國家皆注意到糧食生產過程中各項資源的投入與能源的消耗，希望透過製產流程改善及技術的改變，以達到永續之糧食生產供應模式。本研究特別針對台灣地區國人主要糧食作物稻米之生產過程作為研究對象，並進行相關分析與討論。 本研究主要運用生命週期評估方法，針對我國主要糧食作物稻米生產過程進行盤查分析。另外配合田間物質流分析對有機農法與慣行農法進行產製稻米過程分析其物質流布狀態，再以投入產出數據進行環境衝擊評估分析。本研究所使用之有機農法數據為盤查七家農糧署公布優良有機米農戶統計結果；慣行農法則使用農糧署產銷履歷資料庫2007年至2008年共約1400多筆數據統計結果進行評估。 結果因為慣行農法有施用農藥緣故在各項危害指數上均對環境造成較大衝擊。

Food is essential for human bodies. In recent years, the idea that methods and techniques must be designed on the concept of sustainability has gained acceptance. This perspective considers a comprehensive evaluation of all upstream and downstream effects of human activity or product manufacture to evaluate the cumulative and synergistic effects on the environment over space and time. In this study, the main grain crop in Taiwan-rice, as the study subject and discusses and analyzes its production process. The study mainly uses Life Cycle Assessment as the method to analyze the production process of rice crop. The material flow analysis is a good way to analysis the input and output resource on production process. Thus, these two methodologies were used to analysis the environmental impact on organic farming and conventional farming. The data resource of organic farming is from to visit 7 organic farms, and conventional farming is government collection from 2007 to 2008. The environmental impact result is organic farming better than conventional farming.