公共工程常見爭議項目原因分析及處理對策之研究

Abstract

工程履約過程中隱含著眾多不確定因素及風險，當這些不確定因素及風險發生時，若所涉及範圍廣大且影響金額甚高時，則機關與承包商便不易達成共識，此時爭議便會發生。自行政院公共工程委員會公佈之歷年調解案件中，以施工階段所產生爭議最多，透過工程會資料、文獻資料歸納整理後，可知延遲提供工地、數量變更、不可抗力、暫停施工此四種爭議問題，對於賠償項目為甲乙雙方共識性較高，然實際契約規定卻不符雙方共識而產生較多爭議，因此本研究將針對延遲提供工地、數量變更、不可抗力、暫停施工此四種爭議型態作深入探討。 本研究蒐集過去55件法院與調解相關案例，經歸納彙整後得知：（1）爭議發生原因（2）爭議發生態樣（3）民法依據與及處理過程中需注意事項。工程爭議往往牽涉眾多不同角色之工程參與者，進一步透過專家訪談了解潛在爭議之問題發生初期不同參與者該採取何種方式預防其擴大，以利當事人在爭議或問題處理時更為迅速，相對亦節省自身需投入之人力、時間與成本。 最後，本研究針對不同爭議項目提出：（1）簽約前對於契約之注意事項（2）簽約後契約執行中問題發生時之因應方式，供工程專案管理、設計、監造、承包商於執行時之參考。

The process of public construction contains a lot of uncertainties and risks. Proprietor and contractor will not easily achieve consensus if these uncertainties and risks have a great effect and a lot of money. According to historical mediation cases of Public Construction Commisssion most disputes occur during the construction stage. According to Public Construction Commisssion `s data and literature review, we know that most disputes occur from construction site delivery delay, quantity change, force majeure, and suspend work. Therefore this study focuses on these four types of construction disputes. The study explores 55 mediation and litigation cases. According to analyses on these cases, we can know :（1）the main causes of current disputes（2）the types of current disputes（3）the attention items and the basis of civil law. Disputes often involve many different participants. In this study expert is used to find solve what kind of strategy can prevent disputes in the initial stage to solve disputes faster and with lower cost. Results of the present study indicate:（1）attention items before signing of contract, and（2）attention items after signing of contract for different disputes for reference of project management units, designers, construction supervision units, and construction contractors.