檢視中國與東協自由貿易協定談判過程—以二重賽局為例

Abstract

在歐洲與北美整合經驗之外，亞太區域整合進程於近年快速開展，並且其合作之議題領域與成員皆有不斷深化之趨勢，東南亞國協為亞太目前各區域整合建制中，成果最為豐碩與顯著者。中國為首度以東協區域外成員身份與東協各國建立緊密經濟夥伴關係之國家，然而在與中國建立合作關係之談判中，除了區域整體之利益考量外，東協各國有其各自不同之國內產業與經濟發展形態，尤其對於菲律賓而言，其國內產業結構以及出口產品項目，與中國有高度之相似性，且在其國內之民主體制以及政黨政治皆相較東協各國成熟且開放之情況下，為何菲律賓國會最終仍批准此一框架協定以及協定內之早期收割計畫？本文欲透過普特南所提出之二重賽局框架，以解釋菲律賓於中國東協經濟合作框架協定談判過程中，官方主要談判者如何與其他國家談判者，以及國內民眾之利益互動，並且透過回顧案例分析之結果，以檢討在目前可取得之實證資料下二重賽局所可能無法完善解釋之情況以及其原因為何。

Whether there exists certain degree of linkage between domestic and international political economic agents has been an enduring debate since the 1970s. Scholars in International Political Economy offer a variety of theoretical approaches to examine this problem. The two-level game structure cultivated by Putnam has gained importance since its publication. In this essay, we will take advantage of this theory and analyze the negotiation and ratification process of the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between ASEAN and China. Given the slow economic growth, industrial resemblance with China and the democratic political institutions, I will take the Republic of Philippines as my main research subject. After the completion of the case study, the essay will also make reflections on what the capabilities and limitations of two-level game are and offer some proposals for possible modification.