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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 游若? | |
dc.contributor.author | Hsin-Yi Lin | en |
dc.contributor.author | 林欣毅 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T04:53:54Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2015-08-10 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2010-08-10 | |
dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2010-07-30 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 中華人民共和國衛生部。1994。GB 15266-1994 運動飲料衛生標準。國家標準出版社。北京。中華人民共和國。
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/46099 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 台灣飲料類衛生標準自民國 81 年實施至今,對於重金屬管制標準皆為砷0.2 ppm、鉛0.3 ppm、鋅5.0 ppm、銅5.0 ppm、錫250 ppm、銻0.15 ppm,並未做過修改,且飲料類衛生標準也未有明確之飲料定義。然而市面上飲料產品種類繁多,此標準是否適用於如此多元化的飲料產品實有重新評估之必要。本研究蒐集整理國際間飲料相關規範與我國進行比較,並抽樣市售共83件飲料產品,分析其重金屬砷、鉛、鋅、銅、錫、銻之含量進行風險評估。並綜合以上結果,與國內之專家學者及飲料業者進行座談會議,針對台灣飲料類衛生標準提出建議。
檢測結果中,各類飲料之砷及鉛的檢出率皆相當低,飲料中六種重金屬含量範圍分別為砷:N.D.~ 0.13 ppm、鉛:N.D.~ 0.08 ppm、鋅:N.D.~ 14.17 ppm、銅:N.D.~ 0.99 ppm、錫:N.D.~ 4.111 ppm、銻:N.D.~ 0.096 ppm。其中一件額外添加鋅之功能性飲品中,鋅含量為14.17 ppm,是本次檢驗唯一超過重金屬限量標準之產品。而風險評估結果顯示,台灣男性由飲料中攝取之砷、鉛、鋅、銅、錫、銻含量分別為WHO建議容許攝取量之10.7%、8.6%、1.1%、0.8%、0.8%、6.1%;女性則為8.3%、6.6%、0.9%、0.6% 、0.6%、4.7%,在各年齡層中又以6~12歲的孩童之攝取百分比較高,約平均值的兩倍。整體而言,台灣市售飲料並無重金屬汙染之問題,且國人由飲料中食入之重金屬含量也低於WHO之建議容許量。 參考國際間各國之衛生標準後,建議將我國飲料定義為「不含酒精或含酒精成分 0.5%以下的飲品,包含果醋等非以酒精為目標產物之發酵飲料。」而各國飲料重金屬標準中,以砷、鉛、錫的規範內容較為完整。由於兒童攝取之重金屬百分比較高,建議參考各國之標準,將砷、鉛含量以更加嚴格之標準進行管理。而市售罐裝飲料多採用鋁罐包裝,不易發生錫過量問題,建議將錫限量參考Codex之規範,從250 ppm修改至150 ppm。此外,鋅由於是必需元素,且市面上補充鋅之產品添加的鋅含量大多高於5 ppm,因此建議將必需元素鋅從重金屬規範項目中移除。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The beverages sanitation standard in Taiwan has set maximum levels for arsenic (As), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), and antimony (Sb) at 0.2 ppm, 0.3 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 250 ppm, 0.15 ppm respectively, and never revised since 1992. Besides, the definition of beverage was not well defined in sanitation standard. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate whether the standard is applicable to the variety of beverage products or not. This study collects the beverage regulations among several countries, and analyzes As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, and Sb contents in commercial beverages to do a risk assessment. Finally hold an expert panel and propose a draft sanitation standard.
The contents of each heavy metal in beverages lay in a range of N.D.-0.13 ppm for As, N.D.-0.08 ppm for Pb, N.D.-14.17 ppm for Zn, N.D.-0.99 ppm for Cu, N.D.-4.111 ppm for Sn, N.D.-0.096 ppm for Sb. The highest Zn content was found in a functional drink which added additional Zn and was unqualified. The result of risk assessment indicated that the level of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, Sb intake from beverage was corresponding to 10.7%, 8.6%, 1.1%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 6.1% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) in male, and 8.3%, 6.6%, 0.9%, 0.6%, 0.6%, 4.7% in female. The percentage was relative high in those 6-12 yr old. Overall, there was no heavy metal contamination problem in commercial beverages, and heavy metal intake from beverages was less than PTWI or TDI. This study suggested that beverages in Taiwan can be defined as “non-alcoholic or beverages with less than 0.5% alcohol, including fermentative drinks which do not expect alcohol as target product such as fruit vinegar.” Furthermore, because of the international regulations and the result of risk assessment, we suggested that maximum levels for As, Pb, Sn could be decreased to protect children and toddlers. Zinc could be canceled in beverage sanitary standard. | en |
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dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 i
Abstract ii 目錄 iii 圖目錄 vii 表目錄 viii 壹、前言 1 貳、文獻整理 2 一、 重金屬 2 (一) 砷之簡介 4 1. 來源 4 2. 健康危害 4 (二) 鉛之簡介 5 1. 來源 5 2. 健康危害 5 (三) 鋅之簡介 8 1. 來源 8 2. 健康危害 8 (四) 銅之簡介 8 1. 來源 8 2. 健康危害 8 (五) 錫之簡介 9 1. 來源 9 2. 健康危害 9 (六) 銻之簡介 11 1. 來源 11 2. 健康危害 11 二、 國際間飲料定義及分類 12 (一) 台灣 12 (二) 國際食品標準委員會 (Codex Alimentarius Commision, CAC) 12 (三) 歐盟 (European Union, EU) 12 (四) 美國 13 (五) 日本 13 (六) 加拿大 13 (七) 紐澳 13 (八) 中華人民共和國 14 (九) 南非 14 三、 國際間相關法規 15 (一) 台灣 15 (二) 國際食品標準委員會 16 (三) 歐盟 17 (四) 美國 19 (五) 日本 20 (六) 加拿大 20 (七) 紐澳 20 (八) 愛爾蘭 23 (九) 新加坡 25 (十) 中華人民共和國 25 (十一) 南非 28 参、材料與方法 29 一、 研究架構 29 二、 實驗材料 31 (一) 飲料 31 (二) 藥品 32 (三) 儀器設備 32 三、 實驗方法 33 (一) 標準溶液配製 33 (二) 檢液調製 33 (三) 含量測定 33 (四) 空白試驗 34 (五) 重複分析 34 (六) 添加回收 34 (七) 風險評估 35 肆、結果與討論 37 一、 台灣與國際間對飲料重金屬規範之差異 37 (一) 國際食品標準委員會 37 (二) 歐盟 37 (三) 美國 37 (四) 日本 37 (五) 加拿大 38 (六) 紐澳 38 (七) 愛爾蘭 38 (八) 新加坡 39 (九) 中華人民共和國 39 (十) 南非 39 二、 市售飲料重金屬檢測結果 41 三、 本研究與國外文獻之比較 43 四、 健康風險評估 45 五、 衛生標準之建議 47 伍、結論 49 陸、參考文獻 73 附錄 82 附錄一、專家學者座談會參與名單 82 附錄二、專家學者座談會會議紀錄 83 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 臺灣市售飲料重金屬規範及含量研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Assessment and Proposed Regulation of Heavy Metal Contents of Commercial Beverages in Taiwan | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 98-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 丘志威,蔡國珍,潘崇良,周正俊 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 重金屬檢測,飲料,衛生標準,微量元素,風險評估, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | heavy metal inspection,beverage,sanitary standard,trace element,risk assessment, | en |
dc.relation.page | 90 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2010-07-30 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 食品科技研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 食品科技研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-99-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.36 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。