2MW風力發電機之葉片變螺距控制及液靜壓傳動變速控制之研究

Abstract

本文主旨在於發展大型風力發電機之創新變螺距系統以及液靜壓傳動變速控制之應用，此系統藉由變轉速泵控液壓伺服系統所驅動。為了解變螺距控制系統之實際運轉情形，設計並建立整部2MW風力發電機之液壓變螺距控制測試系統，其子系統包含創新變螺距控制機構、變轉速泵控液壓伺服系統、干擾系統、發電機系統及PC-Based控制系統。變轉速泵控液壓伺服系統包含一個AC伺服馬達、一個定排量之液壓幫浦、兩支差動缸以及液壓管路，高響應與高效率等特性使其能夠適用於大型風力機組之中。此外，為了實現此創新之變螺距控制系統，本文將其結合現代控制理論-具自調式模糊滑動補償之適應性模糊控制器。最後，實際的軌跡追蹤實驗包含五階軌跡、正弦軌跡與不同風速下之隨機軌跡，且加入不同負載與不同控制器之比較，使得本研究發展之創新液壓變螺距控制系統之優劣得到更完善的分析與了解。 另外，本文也加入液靜壓傳動系統應用於2MW大型風力發電機之模擬，藉由對液靜壓傳動系統的分析與研究，將來使用液靜壓傳動系統來取代傳統齒輪箱的諸多優點是可以被期待的。

The thesis aims to develop a novel pitch control system of a large wind turbine driven by a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system. In order to realize practical experiments of the pitch control, the full-scale test rig of the hydraulic pitch control system of a 2 MW wind turbine’s blade, including a novel mechanism of pitch control, a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system, a disturbance system and a PC-Based control system, are designed and set up. The variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system, which contains an AC servo motor, a constant displacement hydraulic piston pump, two differential hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic circuits, performs high response and high energy efficiency, such that it is suitable for the applications in wind turbines. Besides, in order to implement the pitch control in the proposed novel pitch control system, the adaptive fuzzy controller with self-tuning fuzzy sliding-mode compensation (AFC-STFSMC) is developed to design the pitch controller. Finally, the developed variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system has been realized and verified for the path tracking control of the pitch control of the wind turbines by practical experiments in the full-scale test rig under different path profiles, load torques, and random wind speed. The simulation results of the hydrostatic transmission varable speed control system which is used on 2 MW wind turbines are implemented in this research. Through analyzing of the simulations, the hydrostatic transmission system can replace the gear box and has many advantages used in large wind turbines.