組織、領導者、及成員間的社會交換︰領導者-組織雇用關係之角色

Abstract

長久以來，組織內的交換關係受到不少研究者的重視。即使關於交換關係的相關研究為數眾多，仍少有研究共同探討領導者-部屬關係與領導者-組織關係對部屬效能的影響，同時深究領導者與部屬及其組織間關係如何相互影響的研究亦屬少數。因此，本研究分別檢驗領導者-成員交換組織與領導者-組織雇用關係對部屬組織公民行為（利組織行為、利主管行為）的影響，並深究領導者-成員與領導者-組織雇用關係對部屬組織公民行為效果的強弱。接著，進一步檢驗領導者-組織雇用關係與領導者-成員交換在部屬利組織行為、利主管行為上的交互作用。本研究以階層線性模式中的跨層次模型分析215位部屬與100位領導者，結果顯示︰領導者-成員交換對部屬利組織行為與利主管行為亦具有正向效果；領導者-組織雇用關係的相互投資取向對部屬利組織行為與利主管行為均具有正向效果；相較於部屬利組織行為，領導者-成員交換對部屬利主管行為的主要效果較強；相較於部屬利主管行為，領導者-組織雇用關係的相互投資取向對部屬利組織行為的主要效果較強。當領導者-組織之雇用關係為相互投資取向時，領導者-成員交換與部屬利組織行為間的關係會被強化；當領導者-組織之雇用關係為相互投資取向與過度投資取向時，領導者-成員交換與部屬利主管行為間的關係會被強化。最後，本文針對研究結果進行討論，並對理論貢獻、管理實務意涵、研究限制、以及未來研究方向加以說明。

Social exchange in organizations has long been a focal point for organizational researchers. Although increased attention has been given to describing aspects of exchange relationship, little research integrated both the effects of employment relationship (ER) and leader-member exchange (LMX) on subordinate outcomes. Also, the small number of studies examining the interconnections among leader-subordinate and leader-organization exchange relationships. The study examines the effects of LMX and that of employment relationship (ER) between leader and organization on subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB, including OCBO and OCBS), as well as explores whether LMX has stronger effect on OCBS than OCBO and employment relationship has more influence on OCBO than OCBS. Also, we examine the interaction effect of ER and LMX on subordinates’ OCB. Using 215 dyads of leader and subordinate as a sample, and conducting a cross-level model. We found that LMX and mutual investment approach of ER both have positive effects on subordinates’ OCBO and OCBS. LMX had stronger effect on subordinates’ OCBS than OCBO, and mutual investment approach of ER was more strongly related to subordinate OCBO than OCBS. Moreover, mutual investment approach moderated the positive links between LMX and subordinates’ OCBO. Furthermore, mutual investment and overinvestment approach both moderated the positive links between LMX and subordinates’ OCBS. The discussion, theoretical contributions, managerial applications, limitations, and further research directions are discussed at the end.