人道救援在尼泊爾的多層面向

Abstract

達定山區，奇旺區… 數十名男子及婦女在尼泊爾的偏遠山區或高原上熙來攘往地穿梭，並且將食物、飲用水、教育和技能訓練等支援物資和行動帶入尼泊爾社區。人道援助工作者來自世界各地，包括法國與台灣。他們積極投身全球消弭貧窮的運動，期能在全球最貧窮的國家之一達成聯合國所訂立的千禧年發展目標（MDG-8）。 在蓬勃發展的非政府組織世界中，有各種不同規模的協會及國際非政府組織正在尼泊爾並肩戮力。其中最值得一提的是，有一群人選擇投入一段特定的時間，專心致力於人道援助的工作。但除了引入個人經驗的做法外，這些人的行動還必須放在更大的架構中來探討，並考量國際援助的現實面，以及其固有的問題… 人道援助領域經常反覆討論的問題之一是何謂「優質的協助」及「適當的協助」？近來學術界所採用的方式使大家開始關注「跨文化的對話」此一概念，亦即與當地社群對話、交流並建立合作關係的能力。 本文以深入報導的方式，聚焦分析法國與台灣人道援助工作者在尼泊爾當地不同規模組織中的援助行動。當前許多大規模非政府組織正朝職業化的方向邁進，而且通常以統一的方式將援助作法套用至海外各國。本研究試著呈現，儘管小規模非政府組織的財務資源較少，且行動範圍侷限於地方，但是由於能親赴現場貢獻一己之力，且與當地社群建立緊密聯繫，反而更可有效地成功建立跨文化的對話，使他們所提供的協助發揮更實質的影響。 本研究觀察記錄25名在尼泊爾進行人道援助協助的法國籍與台灣籍工作者。針對深入訪談進行分析後發現，由於可建立品質佳的跨文化對話，小規模組織有其不可或缺的重要性，此外，未來進行國際援助時，跨文化對話可能具有關鍵的重要性。

Dhading District, Chitwan District… Dozens of men and women are bustling in the remote mountainous regions or on the high plateaus of Nepal about bringing their support of food, drinkable water, education, and skill training to the Nepalese communities. Humanitarian workers come from all over the world, including France and Taiwan. They are actively taking part into the global race alleviation poverty and to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDG-8) set by the United Nations, in one of the poorest regions of the world. In the bustling world of Non-Governmental Organizations, associations of small size, big size and INGOs are working side by side in Nepal. First and foremost, it is people who made the choice to devote themselves for a certain period of time to humanitarian work. But above the personal experience framework, their actions fall within the wider scope of international aid reality and its inherent calling into question… One of the recurrent key points in the field of humanitarian aid is to question what is a ‘help of quality’ and an ‘appropriate help’? One way recently explored by the academic field brings up the notion of ‘intercultural dialogue’, the ability to dialogue, exchange and establish a partnership with the local communities. This in-depth report focuses on analyzing the work of French and Taiwanese humanitarian workers in small and big size organizations in Nepal. Nowadays, many big NGOs are undergoing a process of professionalization and tend to uniform their aid overseas. This study attempts to show that, in contrast, small size NGOs, despite the limitations of financial resources might be more efficient in building a successful intercultural dialogue influencing the quality of help they provide, thanks to their work in close contact to the local communities. This study follows the humanitarian work of 25 French and Taiwanese in Nepal. The analysis of the in-depth interviews tends to show that small organizations can provide good quality aid thanks to the intercultural dialogue, the quality of which might be crucial in the near future of international aid.