地方派系存續與變遷的比較分析-以原臺中縣及彰化縣為例

Abstract

地方派系與地方政治發展有著密不可分的關係。瞭解地方派系的變遷因素，將對探索地方政治未來發展面向有所幫助。臺中縣及彰化縣自1950年代第一屆縣長選舉後，各自發展聞名全國之全縣型地方派系。但發展至今，臺中縣的紅黑派系實力雖有減弱但仍有相當力量；彰化縣的紅白派系就已成為歷史名詞，回歸區域山頭型派系勢力。兩縣無論在人文或地理環境皆相似，但地方派系發展卻有如此大的差異。所以，以此具指標性意義兩縣為例，找出左右發展結果的因素，是本研究主要研究動機。本研究透過回顧豐富地方派系文獻及對瞭解地方派系之人士進行深度訪談，以兩縣為個案，比較得出差異因素。 研究結果顯示，兩縣派系先天上的起源即有很大的不同。臺中縣是由上而下的緊密結合；彰化縣是由下而上的平行結盟。所以彰化縣的派系在本質上就較為脆弱，經過1981年起縣長選舉的不配合，遭到國民黨打壓後、1989年縣長選舉落敗、1990年代開始基層金融整併，一連串的打擊使的全縣型派系瓦解，仍具政治實力者紛紛退居山頭區域經營。臺中縣地方派系同樣也曾遭遇喪失縣長打擊，但紅黑派系迅速建立合作機制，互利共榮，共同對抗民進黨的挑戰。另外，與國民黨間的關係也已過渡到平等合作的政治密友關係。所以，除了先天本質上的不同外，更在遭遇挑戰時，派系能否摒棄前嫌，互利合作，此為兩縣派系發展的關鍵差異因素。

Local factions have a close relationship with the local political development. Investigating the transformation of local factions is crucial to explore the local political development. Since the first county election in 1950s, both Taichung County and Changhua County found their own local factions. Until now, the red-black faction of Taichung County still has a considerable political power although its political influence gradually declines. Conversely, the red and white factions of Changhua County have become history. These two counties are similar in the humanities and geography. However, why do the local factions in these two counties undergo dissimilar results? This paper tends to find out the factors about the development of local factions in Taichung County and Changhua County by literature review and interview. The research shows that the origins of the local factions of these two counties are different. The local factions of Taichung County are closely integrated top-down, while that of Changhua County are in an upward parallel alignment. Therefore, local factions, in Changhua County, are inherently more fragile. The county-type factions collapsed and relegated to regional factions after encountering the political pressure from the KMT in1981, the electoral defeat in 1989 and the financial integration in 1990. On the contrary, the red and black factions, when facing the electoral defeat, quickly cooperated, challenged against the DPP, and pursued for mutual benefit. In addition, their relationship with the KMT has become equality and cooperation. Therefore, the key factor of the different outcome of the local factions in Taichung County and Changhua County is that whether the factions put aside their differences and promote mutually interests when coping with challenges.