請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/42858完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 王俊能(Chun-Neng Wang) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yung-Chan Chang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 張詠嬋 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T01:26:19Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2014-07-24 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2009-07-24 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2009 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2009-07-23 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Almeida, J. (1997) Genetic control of flower shape in Antirrhinum majus. Development, 124, 1387-1392
Almeida, J. and Galego, L. (2005) Flower symmetry and shape in Antirrhinum. International Journal of Developmental Biology 49, 527-537. Arisumi, T. (1964) Interspecific hybridization in African violets. Journal of Heredity, 55, 181. Baklanov, M.M., Golikova, L.N. and Malygin, E.G. (1996) Effect on DNA transcription of nucleotide sequences upstream to T7 promoter. Nucleic Acids Research, 24, 3659. Baxter, C.E.L., Costa, M.M.R. and Coen, E.S. (2007) Diversification and co-option of RAD-like genes in the evolution of floral asymmetry. The Plant Journal, 52, 105-113. Broholm, S.K., Tahtiharju, S., Laitinen, R.A.E., Albert, V.A., Teeri, T.H. and Elomaa, P. (2008) A TCP domain transcription factor controls flower type specification along the radial axis of the Gerbera (Asteraceae) inflorescence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 9117-9122. Buchmann, S.L. (1983) Buzz pollination in Angiosperms. Handbook of experimental pollination biology. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 73-113. Busch, A. and Zachgo, S. (2007) Control of corolla monosymmetry in the Brassicaceae Iberis amara. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104, 16714 - 16719. Citerne, H.L., Mӧller, M. and Cronk, Q.C.B. (2000) Diversity of cycloidea-like Genes in Gesneriaceae in Relation to Floral Symmetry. Annals of Botany, 86, 167-176. Citerne, H.L., Luo, D., Pennington, R.T., Coen, E. and Cronk, Q.C.B. (2003) A Phylogenomic Investigation of CYCLOIDEA-Like TCP Genes in the Leguminosae. Plant Physiology, 131, 1042-1053. Citerne, H.L., Pennington, R.T. and Cronk, Q.C.B. (2006) An apparent reversal in floral symmetry in the legume Cadia is a homeotic transformation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, 12017 - 12020. Corley, S.B., Carpenter, R., Copsey, L. and Coen, E. (2005) Floral asymmetry involves an interplay between TCP and MYB transcription factors in Antirrhinum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, 5068 - 5073. Costa, M.M.R., Fox, S., Hanna, A.I., Baxter, C. and Coen, E. (2005) Evolution of regulatory interactions controlling floral asymmetry. Development, 132, 5093-5101. Cronk, Q. and Möller, M. (1997) Genetics of floral symmetry revealed. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 12, 85-86. Cronk, Q.C.B. (2006) Legume flowers bear fruit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 4801-4802. Cubas, P., Lauter, N., Doebley, J. and Coen, E. (1999a) The TCP domain: a motif found in proteins regulating plant growth and development. The Plant Journal, 18, 215. Cubas, P., Vincent, C. and Coen, E. (1999b) An epigenetic mutation responsible for natural variation in floral symmetry. Nature, 401, 157-161. Cubas, P., Coen, E. and Zapater, J.M.M. (2001) Ancient asymmetries in the evolution of flowers. Current Biology, 11, 1050-1052. Damerval, C. and Manuel, M. (2003) Independent evolution of Cycloidea-like sequences in several angiosperm taxa. Comptes rendus-Palevol, 2, 241-250. de Almeida Engler, J., De Groodt, R., Van Montagu, M. and Engler, G. (2001) In Situ Hybridization to mRNA of Arabidopsis Tissue Sections. Methods, 23, 325-334. Dolezel, J., Greilhuber, J. and Suda, J. (2007) Estimation of nuclear DNA content in plants using flow cytometry. Nature Protocols, 2, 2233-2244. Doyle, J.J. and Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical bulletin, 19, 11-15. Eastwood, A., Bytebier, B., Tye, H., Tye, A., Robertson, A. and Maunder, M. (1998) The conservation status of Saintpaulia. Curtis's Botanical Magazine, 15, 49-62. Ehrlich, H.G. (1958) Cytological Studies in Saintpaulia Wendl.(Gesneriaceae). American Journal of Botany, 45, 177-182. Endress, P.K. (1999) Symmetry in Flowers: Diversity and Evolution. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 160, S3-S23. Feng, X., Zhao, Z., Tian, Z., Xu, S., Luo, Y., Cai, Z., Wang, Y., Yang, J., Wang, Z., Weng, L., Chen, J., Zheng, L., Guo, X., Luo, J., Sato, S., Tabata, S., Ma, W., Cao, X., Hu, X., Sun, C. and Luo, D. (2006) Control of petal shape and floral zygomorphy in Lotus japonicus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 4970 - 4975. Force, A., Lynch, M., Pickett, F.B., Amores, A., Yan, Y. and Postlethwait, J. (1999) Preservation of duplicate genes by complementary, degenerative mutations. Genetics, 151, 1531-1545. Fukuda, T., Yokoyama, J. and Maki, M. (2003) Molecular Evolution of cycloidea-Like Genes in Fabaceae. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 57, 588-597. Galego, L. and Almeida, J. (2002) Role of DIVARICATA in the control of dorsoventral asymmetry in Antirrhinum flowers. Genes Development, 16, 880 - 891. Gao, Q., Tao, J.H., Yan, D., Wang, Y.Z. and Li, Z.Y. (2008) Expression differentiation of CYC-like floral symmetry genes correlated with their protein sequence divergence in Chirita heterotricha (Gesneriaceae). Development Genes Evolution, 218, 341-351. Gaudin, V., Lunness, P.A., Fobert, P.R., Towers, M., Riou-Khamlichi, C., Murray, J.A.H., Coen, E. and Doonan, J.H. (2000) The expression of D-cyclin genes defines distinct developmental zones in snapdragon apical meristems and is locally regulated by the Cycloidea gene. Plant Physiology, 122, 137-131. Giurfa, M., Dafni, A. and Neal, P.R. (1999) Floral Symmetry and Its Role in Plant-Pollinator Systems. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 160, 41-50. Gubitz, T., Caldwell, A. and Hudson, A. (2003) Rapid Molecular Evolution of CYCLOIDEA-like Genes in Antirrhinum and Its Relative. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20, 1537-1544. Gustafsson, A. (1979) Linnaeus'Peloria: The history of a monster. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 54, 241-248. Harrison, C.J., Mӧller, M. and Cronk, Q.C.B. (1999) Evolution and Development of Floral Diversity in Streptocarpus and Saintpaulia. Annals of Botany, 84, 49-60. Hildrum, H. and Kristoffersen, T. (1969) The effect of temperature and light intensity on flowering in Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. Acta Horticulture, The Hague, 14, 249-255. Hileman, L.C. and Baum, D.A. (2003) Why Do Paralogs Persist? Molecular Evolution of CYCLOIDEA and Related Floral Symmetry Genes in Antirrhineae (Veronicaceae). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20, 591-600. Hileman, L.C., Kramer, E.M. and Baum, D.A. (2003) Differential Regulation of Symmetry Genes and the Evolution of Floral Morphologies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100, 12814-12819. Howarth, D.G. and Donoghue, M.J. (2005) Duplications in CYC-like genes from dipsacales correlate with floral form. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 166, 357-370. Howarth, D.G. and Donoghue, M.J. (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of the “ECE”(CYC/TB1) clade reveals duplications predating the core eudicots. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 9101-9106. Howarth, D.G. and Donoghue, M.J. (2009) Duplications and expression of DIVARICATA-like genes in Dipsacales. Molecular Biology and Evolution. Hubbard, L., McSteen, P., Doebley, J. and Hake, S. (2002) Expression patterns and mutant phenotype of teosinte branched1 correlate with growth suppression in maize and teosinte. Genetics, 162, 1927-1935. Jackson, D. (1991) In situ hybridization in plants. Molecular plant pathology: A practical approach, 1, 163–174. Kidner, C. and Timmermans, M. (2006) In situ hybridization as a tool to study the role of microRNAs in plant development. Methods in Molecular Biology, 342, 159. Kim, M., Cui, M.L., Cubas, P., Gillies, A., Lee, K., Chapman, M.A., Abbott, R.J. and Coen, E. (2008) Regulatory Genes Control a Key Morphological and Ecological Trait Transferred Between Species. Science, 322, 1116. Kramer, E.M. (2006) Methods for studying the evolution of plant reproductive structures: Comparative gene expression techniques. Methods in enzymology, 395, 617-636. Luo, D., Carpenter, R., Vincent, C., Copsey, L. and Coen, E. (1996) Origin of floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum. Nature, 383, 794-799. Luo, D., Carpenter, R., Copsey, L., Vincent, C., Clark, J. and Coen, E. (1999) Control of organ asymmetry in flowers of Antirrhinum. Cell, 99, 367-376. Möller, M. (1997) Phylogeny and disjunct distribution: evolution of Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae). Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 1827-1836. Martin, C. and Paz-Ares, J. (1997) MYB transcription factors in plants. Trends in Genetics, 13, 67-73. Neal, P.R., Dafni, A. and Giurfa, M. (1998) Floral symmetry and its role in plant-pollinator systems: Terminology, distribution, and hypotheses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 345-373. Osborn, T.C., Chris Pires, J., Birchler, J.A., Auger, D.L., Jeffery Chen, Z., Lee, H.-S., Comai, L., Madlung, A., Doerge, R.W., Colot, V. and Martienssen, R.A. (2003) Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids. Trends in Genetics, 19, 141-147. Palatnik, J.F., Allen, E., Wu, X., Schommer, C., Schwab, R., Carrington, J.C. and Weigel, D. (2003) Control of leaf morphogenesis by microRNAs. Nature, 425, 257-263. Perez-Rodriguez, M., Jaffe, F.W., Butelli, E., Glover, B.J. and Martin, C. (2004) Development of three different cell types is associated with the activity of a specific MYB transcription factor in the ventral petal of Antirrhinum majus flowers. Development, 132, 359-370. Preston, J., Kost, M.A. and Hileman, L.C. (2009) Conservation and diversification of the symmetry developmental program among close relatives of snapdragon with divergent floral morphologies. The New phytologist. Reeves, P.A. and Olmstead, R.G. (2003) Evolution of the TCP gene family in Asteridae: cladistic and network approaches to understanding regulatory gene family diversification and its impact on morphological evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 20, 1997 - 2009. Robey, M.J. and Robey, N.P. (1988) African Violets: Gifts from Nature: Cornwall Books. Rose, A., Meier, I. and Wienand, U. (1999) The tomato I-box binding factor LeMYBI is a member of a novel class of Myb-like proteins. Plant Journal, 20, 641. Rozen, S. and Skaletsky, H. (2000) Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Methods Mol Biol, 132, 365-386. Sambrook, J. and Russell, D.W. (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual: CSHL press. Sargent, R.D. (2004) Floral symmetry affects speciation rates in angiosperms. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 271, 603-608. Stebbins, G.L. (1974) Flowering plants: evolution above the species level. Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. and Kumar, S. (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 24, 1596. Wang, L., Gao, Q., Wang, Y.Z. and Lin, Q.B. (2006) Isolation and sequence analysis of two CYC-like genes, SiCYC1A and SiCYC1B, from zygomorphic and actinomorphic cultivars of Saintpaulia ionantha (Gesneriaceae). Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica, 44, 353-361. Wang, R.-L., Stec, A., Hey, J., Lukens, L. and Doebley, J. (1999) The limits of selection during maize domestication. Nature, 398, 236-239. Wang, Z., Luo, Y., Li, X., Wang, L., Xu, S., Yang, J., Weng, L., Sato, S., Tabata, S., Ambrose, M., Rameau, C., Feng, X., Hu, X. and Luo, D. (2008) Genetic control of floral zygomorphy in pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 10414-10419. Zhou, X.R., Wang, Y.Z., Smith, J.F. and Chen, R. (2008) Altered expression patterns of TCP and MYB genes relating to the floral developmental transition from initial zygomorphy to actinomorphy in Bournea (Gesneriaceae). New Phytologist. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/42858 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 相較於輻射對稱花，兩側對稱花常具專一傳粉者並有較高的授粉效率，故其種化速度亦常較前者來得快。然而，苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)的野生型園藝植物非洲菫(Saintpaulia ionantha, African violet)原本野生型(wild type)的花是兩側對稱，但在人擇栽培後有反轉為輻射對稱的變異型(peloria)出現，這給予我絕佳機會探討在同一種植物中花部對稱性轉換的分子機制。前人研究顯示，在金魚草(Antirrhinum majus)中，由於CYCLOIDEA (CYC) 和DICHTOMA (DICH) 只在背側花瓣(dorsal petal)上表現，並共同促進下游基因RADIALIS (RAD)活化。再加上RAD與腹側花瓣促進基因DIVARICATA (DIV) 相互拮抗，而使DIV無法作用在背側花瓣，最後促成金魚草成為兩側對稱花型。在非洲堇中找到同源基因SiCYC、SiRAD、SiDIV，藉由RT-PCR比較檢測野生型(兩側對稱型)及變異型(輻射對稱型)各組織間的基因表現差異，探討非洲堇花對稱性狀改變的機轉。結果顯示，SiCYC1A和SiCYC1B在兩種對稱性狀中的背側花瓣上都有表現。然而，野生型和變異型的五片花瓣在早期花苞都可偵測到SiCYC1A和SiCYC1B的高表現量，但到了開花晚期時兩者的表現量都幾乎偵測不到。相對的，SiDIV在野生型和變異型的早期花苞時期所有花瓣上的表現量都很高，但到了開花晚期時變異型仍有殘餘的SiDIV表現，野生型卻已偵測不到。綜此推測，變異型的花發育成輻射對稱可能是由於開花晚期時SiCYC表現量下降及SiDIV持續表現，造成花發育後期兩側對稱性的無法繼續維持，而成了輻射對稱花形式(腹側化影響)。另外，SiCYC在兩種對稱型的背側花瓣上都有表現，可以從輻射對稱變異型花朵中背側及兩側雄蕊略小於腹側雄蕊的形態觀察中找到佐證，顯示變異型花朵仍有殘存的兩側對稱性存在。本研究首次報導不僅對稱基因表現位置，甚至時間也是關鍵性因素，因而促成殘存兩側對稱的變異型輻射對稱花的形成。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Flower symmetry switching from actinomorphy to zygomorphy is an important evolution trait in angiosperm. Zygomorphic flowering species often attract specific pollinators with greater pollination efficiency, therefore, these species usually have higher speciation rate. However, among zygomorphic Gesneriaceae species, some species have evolved from zygomorphy back to actinomorphy. In Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet, Gesneriaceae), actinomorphic peloria was raised in domesticated cultivation from the zygomorphic wild type. By comparing flower development between zygomorphic wild type and actinomorphic peloric type, the genetic differences can be identified. In model plant, Antirrhinum majus, CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) have been shown expressed in dorsal petals and co-activate RADIALIS (RAD). On the other hand, DIVARICATA (DIV) expresses in ventral petals and antagonize with RAD to generate zygomorphy. Expression patterns of these Saintpaulia homologs (SiCYC, SiRAD, and SiDIV) thus were compared between flower buds of zygomorphic wild type and actinomorphic peloria. The results showed that, SiCYC1A and SiCYC1B were both detected in dorsal petals of wild type and peloria at early bud stage (3mm in diameter) but not in later stage (30 mm in diameter). On the other hand, SiDIV persists to express along late flowering stages in peloria but not in wild type. This suggests persistent expression of SiDIV and ceasing of SiCYC1A and SiCYC1B in late peloric flower stage may generate the actinomorphic flower (ventralized effect). Moreover, the expression of SiCYC in dorsal part of flowers in peloria may explain why the peloria retains traced zygomorphic syndrome (the dorsal and lateral stamens are smaller than the ventral ones). This is the first report that not only the differences of flower symmetry genes expression but also expression timings may result to zygomorphy/actinomorphy transition. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T01:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-98-R96b44006-1.pdf: 6200876 bytes, checksum: cd01bdbb61cdd4807aa097152e2c9954 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Table of Contents
Introduction 1 Successful zygomorphy 1 Saintpaulia ionantha H. Wendl. 3 Development 4 The correlation between floral symmetry conversion and pollinators 8 The gene regulating model of floral symmetry 9 CYCLOIDEA 10 DIVARICATA 12 RADIALIS 13 Case study of transition of floral symmetry in angiosperm 14 Asterids 15 Rosids 17 TCP homologs function in Asterids and Rosids 18 The aim of this study 19 Materials and methods 20 Plant Materials and Growth Conditions 20 SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) 23 DNA extraction 24 RNA extraction 25 DNase treatment 27 First-Strand cDNA Synthesis 27 Primer design 28 Polymerase chain reaction 31 3’Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (3’RACE) 32 5’ Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (5’RACE) 33 Gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing 33 Gene Cloning 34 Phylogeny 35 Flow cytometry 35 DIG-labeled RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) 37 Fixation 37 Embedding 38 Making Probe 39 In situ hybridization procedure 40 Key steps that can be changed are as follows: 44 Results 46 SEM (scanning electron microscopy) 46 Isolation of CYC-like, DIV-like, and RAD-like genes from Saintpaulia 48 Phylogenetic analysis 49 RT-PCR analysis 55 Flow cytometry 66 In situ hybridization 68 Discussion 72 References 83 Appendices 88 List of figures Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of the floral organogenesis in Saintpaulia ionantha and a peloric cultivar…………………..……………………….….7 Figure 2. The dissected flower and developmental morphology of S. ionantha………..9 Figure 3. The gene regulation model of dorsoventral asymmetry…………………......15 Figure 4. Exaggerated diagram of floral transformations in legume flower…………..22 Figure 5. The inner epidermis of the dorsal and ventral petals of the WT1 and PL1….47 Figure 6. CYC amino acid sequence alignment ….………….………………………..50 Figure 7. DIV amino acid sequence alignment ….………….……….………………...51 Figure 8. RAD amino acid sequence alignment ….………….………………………..51 Figure 9. Phylogenetic tree of CYC-like genes………………………………………...52 Figure 10. Phylogenetic tree of DIV-like genes………………………………………..53 Figure 11. Phylogenetic tree of RAD-like genes………………………………..……..54 Figure 12. Region of SiCYC1A amplified using RT-PCR indicated by the bar…….….56 Figure 13. Region of SiCYC1B amplified using RT-PCR indicated by the bar……......56 Figure 14. Region of SiDIV amplified using RT-PCR indicated by the bar………...…56 Figure 15. Region of SiRAD1 amplified using RT-PCR indicated by the bar…………56 Figure 16. Region of SiRAD2 amplified using RT-PCR indicated by the bar…………56 Figure 17. RT-PCR analysis of whole petal tissues in different morphology stages…..58 Figure 18. RT-PCR analysis in whole petals of early stage and late stage…………….60 Figure 19. RT-PCR analysis in divided petals and organs of early stage (S9)………...62 Figure 20. RT-PCR analysis in divided petals of late stage (S15)……………………..63 Figure 21. RT-PCR analysis of different cultivars…………………………………….65 Figure 22. Flow cytometric ploidy analysis of cultivars and native species…………..67 Figure 23. The different fixatives treatment of in situ hybridization test ……………..70 Figure 24. Different duration of proteinase K treatment………………………………71 Figure 25. RNA in situ hybridization of SiHistone4…………………………………...71 Figure 26. Diagrammatic comparisons of expression of SiCYC1A, SiCYC1B, SiDIV, SiRAD1, and SiRAD2………………………………..……………………...73 Figure 27. The consensus CYC binding site in SiCYC1B promoter region………..…..78 Figure 28. The consensus CYC binding site in SiRAD1 promoter region………….….79 List of tables Table 1. Summary of the stages of flower development in Saintpaulia (1)…………...6 Table 2. Summary of the stages of flower development in Saintpaulia (2)…………...21 Table 3. Primers used in this study…………………………………………………….29 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | CYC | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | RAD | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | DIV | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 非洲堇 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 兩側對稱 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 輻射對稱 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | DIV | en |
| dc.subject | African violet | en |
| dc.subject | zygomorphy | en |
| dc.subject | actinormophy | en |
| dc.subject | CYC | en |
| dc.subject | RAD | en |
| dc.title | 馴化種非洲菫花部反轉輻射對稱性狀的分子發育機制探討 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The Role of Floral Symmetry Genes on Actinomorphic Reversion in Domesticated Saintpaulia ionantha | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 97-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 黃玲瓏(Ling-Long Kuo-Huang),陳仁治(Jen-Chih Chen),陳虹樺(Hong-Hwa Chen),鄒稚華(Chih-Hua Tsou) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 非洲堇,兩側對稱,輻射對稱,CYC,RAD,DIV, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | African violet,zygomorphy,actinormophy,CYC,RAD,DIV, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 99 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2009-07-23 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-98-1.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 6.06 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。