營造業聯合承攬組織治理結構之選擇模型

Abstract

在營造業，對於大型工程專案而言，聯合承攬已經成為組織形態的主流之一。然而聯合承攬的組織結構較為複雜，所以聯合承攬的管理比一般工程專案更為困難。在各種不同的管理問題當中，組織治理結構的選擇，對於聯合承攬是否成功有著非常深遠的影響；但是這議題的相關文獻，卻是十分有限。因此本研究目的，(1)解釋營造業的聯合承攬，為何必需存在不同的組織治理結構類型；(2)面對不同特性的營造業聯合承攬，如何選擇適當的治理結構類型。 綜上所述，為達到本研究之目的，本研究採用兩個組織理論角度－成本基礎觀點與資源基礎觀點，推導出影響營造業聯合承攬組織治理結構的四個主要因子，分別為「公司文化差異」，「信任」，「採購自主性」以及「學習動機」，依此建立了本研究模型。為了驗證本模型，本研究以工程金額高達美金一百五十億的台灣高鐵專案為個案研究。此外，本研究也將中國大陸長江三峽的三七八聯營體納入，以做為組織治理結構的動態演進歷程之案例。因考量本研究模型受到個案研究質性分析之限制，本研究繼而進行台灣營造業聯合承攬的大樣本之實證，以補充個案研究證據之不足。 整體而言，統計檢定與兩個個案的證據，都充分支持本研究的組織治理結構之選擇模型。對學術界與營造業界而言，有關組織治理結構之問題，本研究成果提供了一個新觀點與引導的方向。

In construction industry, joint ventures (JVs) have become one of the major organizational forms utilized in large-scale projects. Because of the complexity of JVs, the management of JVs is much more difficult than that of usual projects. Among various management challenges, the choice of organizational governance structure has a profound impact on JV success, but receives little attention. Therefore, the objective of this study is (1) to explain why there exists different organizational governance structures in managing construction joint ventures (CJVs) and (2) how to choose appropriate forms with respect to various characteristics of CJVs. Through the theoretical lens that integrates both cost-based perspective (CBP) and resource-based view (RBV), we develop a model that focuses on four major factors for determining governance structure choices, namely, corporate cultural difference, trust, needs for procurement autonomy, and motivation for learning. To empirically evaluate this model, we conduct a case study of eight CJVs in Taiwan High Speed Rail, a 15 billion-US-dollar project. In addition, we present the dynamics of governance structure evolution in 378JV of Three Gorges Project in China. We also consider the model evaluation was limited by the disadvantages of qualitative analysis, a large-sample econometric study was desired to complement the case study evidence. Overall, the governance structure model is well supported by statistical testing and previous case-study-based evidence. This thesis contributes to construction practice by providing a new perspective and guidance for better JV governance.