批判實存論對當代政治學研究之啟發

Abstract

社會科學哲學中，經驗主義與詮釋主義、個體論與整體論、唯心論與唯物論或量化方法與質化方法等等二元理念之間的長期對立與論爭，所反映的，是社會科學哲學中實證主義與非實證主義兩大哲學陣營對立的事實，兩大陣營持續地對立，引發一九八零年代追求「超越」、「中道」的社會科學哲學的誕生，身為科學實存論的社會科學版本，由英國科學哲學家羅伊•巴斯卡所倡議的批判實存論，正是致力於批判兩大陣營哲學，並嘗試創建社會科學哲學超越觀點的哲學。 本文的目的，乃從社會科學哲學層面引介批判實存論的超越哲學為起點，藉由探究政治學中社會建構論及歷史制度論對批判實存論的呼應主張，在二大哲學對立的現狀下，提供一個政治學方法論思考超越哲學啟示的方向。

In the realm of philosophy of social science, there are long-term confrontations and controversies between empircism and hermeneutics、individualism and holism、idealism and materialism or quantitative method and qualitative method. These reflect the antagonistic fact of the two philosophical camps in philosophy of social science. Constant antagonism of the two camps caused the birth of philosophy of social science which quests transcendence and middle path. As the social science version of scientific realism, critical realism, which advocated by British scientific philosopher Roy Bhaskar, is indeed a philosophy commit to criticize the two camp’s philosophies and tries to establish a transcendental view of philosophy of social science. The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce transcendental philosophy of critical realism from the aspect of philosophy of social science as a start. And through agruments of social constructivism and historical institutionalism investigated in political science, provide a direction for political methodology to meditate the enlightenment of a transcendental philosophy.