反核子擴散條約之規範機制：以跨國規範化歷程為分析途徑

Abstract

反核子擴散條約自生效至今，已逾四十年。這四十年當中因著條約而生的區域條約、國際組織、政府間組織、非政府組織不勝枚舉，且這些組織和條約皆是為了強化反核子擴散條約的規範範圍，藉以達成防止核武擴散、促成軍備裁撤、推廣核能和平使用的目的。反核子擴散條約共十一條條文，且未有任何違反條約的制裁規定，甚至其防護措施需全然仰仗國際原子能總署的防護協定。然而，條約生效至今曾使部分國家放棄核武加入條約、亦曾透過審查會、國際組織、非政府組織的互動下勸使違約的締約國重回談判桌，縱使條約有其為人詬病之處，仍在反核武擴散的領域裡扮演舉足輕重的地位。國際法理論諸如現實主義與建構主義，皆對反核子擴散條約的談判、生效、實踐有各自大相逕庭的見解與剖析，但兩者皆未能整全的描繪條約中不同行動者間的互動與衝突，以及行動者們如何回應非締約國、違反條約的締約國之動態歷程。因此，透過運用另一個近似於建構主義的跨國規範化歷程的理論特徵，將更能勾勒出跨國行動者的塑像，以及行動者們透藉由互動、規範詮釋，而將規範價值內化在內國決策程序裡。

It has been over four decades since the enactment of the Treaty on Non-proliferation of the Nuclear Weapons (NPT). During these years, various bilateral, multilateral agreements, regional treaties have been drafted and enacted, for the purpose of strengthening the regulative scope of the NPT. Other than the treaties and agreements mentioned above, international organizations, inter-governmental organizations, and related non-governmental organizations have also played crucial roles in monitoring or promoting the execution of the NPT. International law theories, such as realism and constructivism, have analyzed the factors that triggered States to comply with the treaty respectively based on their distinct viewpoints. However, both realism and constructivism have failed to comprehensively demonstrate the factors and actors that urge States to not only comply, but also obey the NPT. Hence, the application of transnational legal process can lead to a more persuasive interpretation on how transnational actors have pushed States to interact, interpret, and internalize the norms in the NPT. Through depicting the images of the transnational actors, and the dynamic legal process, the blueprint of States’ diplomatic decisions can be thereof manifested.