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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/35491
Title: | 草坪草類抗旱性指標篩選與抗旱增進之研究 Screening drought tolerance index and enhancing drought resistance of turfgrasses |
Authors: | An-Jan Li 李安然 |
Advisor: | 張育森 |
Keyword: | 草坪,抗旱性, turfgrass,drought resistance, |
Publication Year : | 2005 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 缺水逆境是限制草坪生長的最主要環境因子之一,選用抗旱性佳的草種,將可節省灌溉水資源。因此本研究以台灣常用暖季草種為材料,比較各草種於缺水逆境下的表現。試驗以盆栽種植方式,栽種於台灣大學人工氣候室(日夜溫30/25℃)環境下,測值包括試驗期間莖生長長度與葉片數比例、葉綠素螢光值、水勢值、相對含水量等。結果顯示以葉綠素螢光值與水勢值的高低排序,以馬尼拉芝、結縷草‘翡翠草’、百慕達草、聖奧古斯丁草、巴西地毯草、假儉草、地毯草。相對含水量測值與相對莖長度比例及葉片數則排序上略有差異。再將各測值序位值累加後獲得綜合性的抗旱性強弱比較,結果以馬尼拉芝、結縷草‘翡翠草’、百慕達草較佳,其次為聖奧古斯丁草與巴西地毯草,而假儉草與地毯草表現最差。
為尋求適當評估草坪抗旱能力的指標,以台灣常見暖季草種,包括普通百慕達草(Cynodon dactylon L.)(Ber)、假儉草(Eremochlao ophiuroides Hack.)(Cen)、類地毯草(Axonopus affiniss Chase.)(Car)、海雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.)(SP)、熱帶地毯草(Axonopus compressus Beauv. ‘Tropical’)(CarT)、巴西地毯草(Axonopus compressus Beauv. ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass)(CarB)、馬尼拉芝草(Zoysia matrella Merr.)(Zoy),試驗於台灣大學人工氣候室日夜溫30/25℃進行,以缺水乾旱與正常供水兩種處理,並記錄葉綠素螢光值、水勢值、滲透勢值與莖生長量等。依各測值(莖長量測值除外)以累計序位與變異系數權重綜合評估兩種方法,各草種在兩評值的抗旱排序為,馬尼拉芝、百慕達草≧熱帶地毯草、假儉草、類地毯草、巴西地毯草≧海雀稗,再以兩綜合評值與各單一測值作直線迴歸與相關分析,其中累積序位評值與水勢測值、葉綠素螢,兩測值相關程度最高;變異係數綜合評值方面,與葉綠素螢光值相關程度最高,該評值與相對含水量、水勢值之相關程度次之,滲透勢值與兩綜合評值之決定係數都是最低。因此葉綠素螢光值適合作為評估抗旱性草種的簡易指標。 為提升巴西地毯草 ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass抗旱能力,施用Trinexapac-ethy(TE)(190 g a. i. ha-1及380 g a. i. ha-1)、Paclobutrazol(PBZ)(553及1106 g a. i. ha-1)及Ethephon(ETH)(3363及6726 g a. i. ha-1)三種生長調節劑,並觀察其效果。結果顯示以PBZ 1106gha-1ai處理,其相對含水量、水勢值與葉綠素螢光值均高於其他處理,顯示PBZ 1106gha-1ai對提升巴西地毯草抗旱能力較佳,其次是ETH 3363 g a. i. ha-1處理,在相對含水量、水勢值、葉綠素螢光等測值表現與PBZ 1106 g a. i. ha-1相近。生長調節劑處理組中以TE380 g a. i. ha-1表現最差,造成相對含水量、水勢值及總葉綠素含量降低,已達傷害草坪品質情況,因此TE處理宜較低濃度的TE190 g a. i. ha-1處理較佳。 另探討施用鈣處理,來提升巴西地毯草 ‘Brazil’ carpetgrass抗旱效果,處理Johnson’s solution調整後的不同含鈣配方(0、4、8、12 mM Ca),施用四週後給予停止灌溉的缺水逆境,觀察試驗期間的水勢值、相對含水量、葉綠素螢光值、離子滲漏率、植體內元素(Ca、K、Mg、Fe)變化、植生指數及植體內色素等。試驗結果顯示,對照組0 mM Ca2+與施鈣處理(4、8、12 mM Ca2+)間差異明顯,以水勢值、相對含水量、葉綠素螢光值與離子滲漏率等測值,均顯示施鈣處理組優於對照組(0 mM Ca2+)組,但施鈣各處理間差異並不明顯,顯示外源鈣能幫助巴西地毯草提升滲透調節、減緩水分損失、減低氧化物等抗旱機制。因此鈣處理確能提高巴西地毯草抗旱能力,但增加施用量,卻沒有累計提升抗旱之效果。 Drought stress is one of the main factors which restrict the growth of turfgrass. Choosing the turfgrass which are drought-resistant is a way to save the water resources.This research, therefore, compared the drought-resistant performances of common warm-season turfgrasses which are commonly seen in Taiwan. Different tested turfgrass were cultivated under phytotron (day 30 ℃/ night 25℃) at National Taiwan University. The measured items included the ratio of stem length, and the ratio of leaf number, the chlorophyll fluorescence(Fv/Fm), water potential, and relative water content. The result showed that, in terms of chlorophyll fluorescence and water potential, the preference order was as follows: manilagrass, ‘Emerald’ zoysiagrass, bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, ‘Barazil’ tropical carpetgrass, centipedegrass, and On the other hand, in terms of relative water content, and the ratio between the stem length and the leave number, the preference order is slightly different. After giving every grass a ranking index according to its preference order in each measured item, and accumulate the respective ranking indexes, it turns out that zoysiagrass, ‘Emerald’ zoysiagrass and bermudagrass have the most outstanding performance. St. Augustinegrass and ‘Barazil’ tropical carpetgrass come as the second best ones, and centipedegrass, and ‘Barazil’ tropical carpetgrass, is relative poor-performed. In order to establish an adequate evaluation index, common warm-season turfgrasses in Taiwan including common bermudagrass, centipedegrass, carpetgrass, seashore paspalum, tropical carpetgras, and ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass were selected as the testing objects. These turfgrasses were planted under environments with drought treatment or with normal water supply respectively. The chlorophyll fluorescence, water potential, osmotic potential, and the length of the stem were recorded. All the tested turfgrass, were compared by the acclumative ranking index and the comprehensive evaluation index which were based on the measured valued. The preference order is: manilagrass, bermudagrass≧Tropical carpetgras, centipedegrass, ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass ≧seashore paspalum. The two indexes were put into correlation analysis with each single recorded value. It suggests that the acclumation ranking index is highly correlated with the water potential and the chlorophyll fluorescence. The comprehensive evaluation indexes is also best correlated with the chlorophyll fluorescence, and also well correlated with the relative water contentand the water potential, while poorly correlated with osmotic potential. As a result, the chlorophyll fluorescence is the most effective simple index for evaluating the drought-resistsing performance of grasses. To improve the drought-resistant ability of ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass, three growth retardant agents -- Trinexapac-ethy(TE)(190, 380 g a. i. ha-1), Paclobutrazol(PBZ)(553, 1106 g a. i. ha-1), and ethephon ETH(3363, 6726 g a. i. ha-1), were applied. The results showed that PBZ g a. i. ha-1 increase of the relative water content, the water potential, and the chlorophyll fluorescence is relatively higher with the use of PBZ 1106 g a. i. ha-1 ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass has the most strong drought-resistant with PBZ g a. i. ha-1 application, and the second best was ETH 3363 g a. i. ha-1 with close performance value in terms of the relative water content, the water potential, and the chlorophyll fluorescence. Among all growth regulatory agents, the performance under the use of TE380 g a. i. ha-1 is the poorest. The relative water content, the water potential, and the content of chlorophyll fluorescence have been decreased to an extent that the grass is actually hurt. Therefore, TE should be applied in a lower concentration as TE190 g a. i. ha-1. In addition, the effect of calcium on enhancing the drought-resistant ability of ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass was also investigated. Johnson’s solution modified with different Ca2+ concentration (o, 4, 8, 12 mM)had been applied to the grass before the drought treatment. The water potential, the relative water content, the chlorophyll fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, the change of the ion concentration(Ca、K、Mg、Fe), vegetation index and plant pigments were all observed. The results showsed, there are great differences between the control plants(0 mM Ca2+)and the treated plants (4、8、12 mM Ca2+). The e treated plants performed much better than the control plants in terms of the water potential, the relative water content, and the chlorophyll fluorescence. The differences among treated plants were not distinct, which meant the application calcium could help ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass with various drought-resisting mechanisms such as increasing the regulation of osmosis, decrease the loss of water, and decrease the oxides. Therefore, the paalication of calcium could actually increase the ability of ‘Brazil’ tropical carpetgrass to resist drought, but the increasing of dosage would not lead to an accumulative effect. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/35491 |
Fulltext Rights: | 有償授權 |
Appears in Collections: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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