再生能源之生命週期評估與3E多準則決策

Abstract

由於環境污染造成氣候變遷，再加上自然資源過度消耗，再生能源的發展成為世界各國重視的議題。本研究透過一系統性方法評估不同再生能源在台灣發展之優劣，此方法結合生命週期評估-(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)、3E (Energy, Economics, Environment)指標與多準則決策-(Multi-Criteria Analysis, MCA)三種概念，以客觀方式衡量不同再生能源之整體表現。本研究評估結果顯示，在台灣發展燃料電池、太陽光電與風力發電對環境所產生的主要衝擊皆在吸入性無機物、礦物使用與化石燃料消耗三個項目上；就經濟面而言，裝置容量高的風力風電機較裝置容量低的更具優勢；而配合專家意見的多準則決策結果顯示，前述三種再生能源中，風力發電擁有最佳的表現，最適合我國的發展，其次為太陽光電與固態氧化物燃料電池，最後則是質子交換膜燃料電池；而本研究所探討幾個適合我國發展之可行方案中，又以離岸型2,500 kW風力機最具優勢。

Due to the climate change caused by environmental pollution, and over consumption of natural resources, renewable energy has become an important issue for most countries. The present study employs a systematic method to assess the performances of different renewable energy used in Taiwan. This method combines Life Cycle Assessment, 3E indicators, and Multi-Criteria Analysis, and objectively evaluates the performance of different kinds of renewable energy. The result indicates that the three major environmental impact issues arising from the development of fuel cells, wind turbines, and PV systems are inhaled in-organics, used of minerals, and the consumption of fossil fuels. From economic view point, the higher capacity of wind turbines, the more efficient in life cycle cost. Based on professional opinions, the outcome of Multi-Criteria Analysis suggests that wind turbine has the greatest integrated performance. The second appears to be PV systems and SOFC. The last place is PEMFC. This research shows that 2500 kW offshore wind turbine is the best choice among several cases to be developed in Taiwan.