中島敦後期作品中命運觀的推移 －以「山月記」、「弟子」、「幸福」、「李陵」為探討中心－

Abstract

本論文的主要目的，是以中島敦於作家生涯後期運用中國古典文學題材創作的四篇作品為研究對象，探討其作品中命運觀的演變。首先於序章中陳述研究動機、先行研究、研究範圍及研究方法。第一章就形成中島命運觀的成長過程、家學背景、南洋體驗及影響其命運觀的中國儒家、道家思想中呈現之命運觀等因素加以論述。第二章論述在「山月記」這部作品裡中島所呈現人類對命運所抱持的無力感。第三章說明從「弟子」這部作品中可看出中島經歷南洋行的體驗之後，在作品中呈現的命運觀已有所改變。「弟子」中的主角子路對命運已跳脫無力感的束縛，但在自我與命運之間仍未能找到明確的平衡點。第四章論述藉由「幸福」中隱含的道家命運順隨思想，中島在作品中表露出理解命運、並積極面對命運的態度。第五章藉由探討「李陵」中人物的生存之道，說明在「李陵」這部作品裡，中島所呈現的命運觀和之前作品相較之下已轉變為更積極正面的態度並摸索出面對命運的方法。終章為結論，透過此研究，可以看出中島作品中的命運觀受到若干中國儒家、道家積極命運觀的影響，其後期作品中的人物在面對自己所受到的殘酷命運之際，對命運有逐漸地朝正面接受並積極面對的改變趨勢。

This thesis takes Atsushi, Nakajima’s four pieces of works, which applied the materials taken from the Chinese classic literature and were written on the second half of his writing life as the target of research to discuss the evolution of viewpoint toward life in his works. In the preface of this thesis, it describes the research motivation, antecedent research, the research scope, and the research method. Chapter one discusses all factors on how Nakajima formed his view toward destiny, including his background, family, and the view toward destiny adapted from the Chinese philosophy. Chapter two describes human beings’ helpless feeling on their view toward destiny through ‘Sangetsuki’. In chapter three, via ‘Deshi’, it describes that after his experience back from South Sea Islands, Nakajima’s view toward destiny was changed. The leading role in “Deshi” had jumped out of the helpless feeling on destiny, yet he still didn’t have an idea on how to balance between destiny and self. In chapter four, it describes Nakajima’s understanding to destiny, as well as his positive attitude to face the fate via ‘Kouhuku’ with the idea of Taoism. In chapter five, through the exploration of the characters’ way of life in ‘Riryou’, it describes that Nakajima’s view toward destiny in his works is more positive than before. Final chapter concludes that Nakajima’s view toward destiny was affected by the positive view from Chinese philosophy, and that while suffering from miserable life, figures in his works gradually changed their views toward destiny in a positive way.